Clarisse Ganiera,1 , Pavel Mazinb , Gabriel Herrera-Oropezac , Xinyi Du-Harpura,d, Matthew Blakeleya , Jeyrroy Gabriela , Alexander V. Predeusb ,

Batuhan Cakirb , Martin Preteb , Nasrat Haruna , Jean-Francois Darrigranda , Alexander Haisera , Saranya Wylese , Tanya Shawf , Sarah A. Teichmannb,g,

Muzlifah Haniffab,h,i, Fiona M. Watta,j,1,2 , and Magnus D. Lyncha,k,1,2

Contributed by Fiona M. Watt; received August 6, 2023; accepted November 13, 2023; reviewed by Vladimir Botchkarev and Valerie Horsley

Our understanding of how human skin cells differ according to anatomical site and tumour formation is limited. To address this, we have created a multiscale spatial atlas of healthy skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), incorporating in vivo optical coherence tomography, single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial global transcriptional profiling, and in situ sequencing. Computational spatial deconvolution and projection revealed the localisation of distinct cell populations to specific tissue contexts. Although cell populations were conserved between healthy anatomical sites and in BCC, mesenchymal cell populations including fibroblasts and pericytes retained signatures of developmental origin. Spatial profiling and in silico lineage tracing support a hair follicle origin for BCC and demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts are an expansion of a POSTN+ subpopulation associated with hair follicles in healthy skin. RGS5+ pericytes are also expanded in BCC suggesting a role in vascular remodelling. We propose that the identity of mesenchymal cell populations is regulated by signals emanating from adjacent structures and that these signals are repurposed to promote the expansion of skin cancer stroma. The resource we have created is publicly available in an interactive format for the research community.

human cell atlas | skin | basal cell carcinoma | single cell RNA sequencing | fibroblasts

Significance

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has revolutionised cell biology, enabling highresolution analysis of cell types and states within human tissues. Here, we report a comprehensive spatial atlas of adult human skin across different anatomical sites and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)— the most common form of skin cancer—encompassing in vivo optical coherence tomography, scRNAseq, global spatial transcriptomic profiling, and in situ sequencing. In combination, these modalities have allowed us to assemble a comprehensive nuclearresolution atlas of cellular identity in health and disease.

Author contributions: C.G., F.M.W., and M.D.L. designed research; C.G., X.D.-H., M.B., J.G., and N.H. performed research; C.G., G.H.-O., X.D.-H., A.V.P., B.C., M.P., J.-F.D., A.H., T.S., S.A.T., and M.H. contributed new reagents/ analytic tools; C.G., P.M., G.H.-O., A.V.P., B.C., M.P., A.H., S.W., and M.D.L. analyzed data; and C.G., F.M.W., and M.D.L. wrote the paper.

Reviewers: V.B., Boston University School of Medicine; and V.H., Yale University.

Competing interest statement: In the last 3 y, S.A.T. has been a remunerated Scientific Advisory Board member for GlaxoSmithKline, Qiagen, Foresite Labs, and is a cofounder and equity holder of TransitionBio. F.M.W. and M.D.L. are co-founders of Fibrodyne. F.M.W. and M.D.L. have filed two patents related to skin fibroblasts. Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

1 To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。, or magnus. 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。.

2 F.M.W. and M.D.L. contributed equally to this work. This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas. 2313326120/-/DCSupplemental.

Published January 2, 2024.

Qiong Chen1 | Lin Liu2 | Yi Zhang1

1 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

2 Dermatology Department, Jingfu Medical Beauty Hospital of Chunxi Road Ward, Chengdu, China

Correspondence

Yi Zhang, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

© 2024 The Authors. International Wound Journal published by Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Abstract

Chloasma, which is distinguished by irregularities in the pigmentation of skin, poses substantial challenge in the field of dermatology. The regulatory influence of vitamin D on the functions of skin cells implies that it may have the capacity to effectively treat chloasma and promote wound healing. To assess the efficacy of vitamin D in chloasma treatment and its impact on the function of skin barrier during the process of wound healing. The research spanned from April 2022 to September 2023, in Shanghai, China, examined 480 individuals who had been diagnosed with chloasma. A double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial was utilized to evaluate effectiveness of topical vitamin D3 in treatment of chloasma. Concurrently, randomized control trial investigated the effects of ingested vitamin D3 supplements on the process of wound healing. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), chloasma severity score changes, wound size reduction and skin hydration levels were critical performance indiators. Statistically, the severity scores of chloasma decreased significantly in the vitamin D treatment group at 3 and 6 months compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). The Vitamin D group exhibited superior wound healing outcomes, including more substantial reduction in lesion size and enhanced skin barrier function, as evidenced by increased skin hydration and decreased TEWL (p < 0.05). Vitamin D substantially mitigated the severity of chloasma and has beneficial effect on wound healing and integrity of the skin barrier. Based on the results obtained, vitamin D exhibited promise as a therapeutic intervention in the field of dermatology, specifically in treatment of chloasma and promotion of wound recovery.

KEYWORDS

chloasma treatment, dermatology, skin barrier function, vitamin D, wound healing

Key Messages The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D in treating chloasma and enhancing wound healing.

Findings revealed that vitamin D significantly reduced chloasma severity and improved wound healing, as indicated by increased skin hydration and decreased transepidermal water loss.

Song Hee Kim1 Jeonghoon Yun1,2 Woncheol Kim1 Eunsu Seon1 Chanhwi Lee1 Jaejoon Jeon1 Mid Eum Yun3 Keun Hyung Park1,3

1 Sunjin Clinical Research Center, Sunjin Beauty Science Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea

2 Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

3 R&D Center, Sunjin Beauty Science Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea

Correspondence

Keun Hyung Park (Director, Ph.D), Sunjin Clinical Research Center, Sunjin Beauty Science Co., Ltd., 8F, Gasan Hanwha Bizmetro, 43-14, Gasandigital 2-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

© 2024 The Author(s). Skin Research and Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Abstract

Introduction: Ceramides are essential epidermal constituents that play a critical role in skin moisturization treatment as a raw material in cosmetics formulation. Recently, ceramides have been known to be frequently applied in various cosmetic formulations. Despite ceramide’s beneficial characteristics, academic research regarding ceramides and their skin absorption remains insufficient. Therefore, our study conducted clinical research employing Raman spectroscopy to investigate the effects of ceramides on skin absorption to enhance the understanding of ceramides’ dermatological functionality and their topical application in cosmetics science.

Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy individuals with dry skin have participated in this clinical trial. In this double-arm designed trial, the test group received an investigational product with ceramides (5000 ppm) and a control group received an investigational product without the ceramides while all other components remained identical. The subjects visited the clinical research center and acclimatized for 30 min in constant humidity and temperature for equilibrium, subsequently conducting a measurement. Before the trial, the research subject’s target site (lower arm area) was kept clean, devoid of any cosmetic administering 24 h before the trial when investigational product was topically applied.

Results: Our findings with Raman spectroscopy statistically demonstrate that skin absorption amount, speed and depth for both groups improved overall (p < 0.05) after administration of the investigational product. Notably, the test group received an investigational product with ceramides (5000 ppm) indicating superior effectiveness across all parameters compared to a control group from comparison analysis of each parameter (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study concludes that ceramide-containing cosmetics provide a beneficial effect on skin absorption via visual and statistical results of Raman spectroscopy

KEYWORDS

ceramides, cosmetic, Raman spectroscopy, skin absorption, skin clinical research

Ikhwan Kim1,2 , Dong-Min Lee1,2 , Jae-Woo Shin1,3 ,Gyoun-Jung Lee1,3 , Eun-Seong Kim1,3 * and Nam-Young Kim1,2,3 *

1 RFIC Bio Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2 Department Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 3 APR Device Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

OPEN ACCESS

EDITED BY Daniele Tosi, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan

REVIEWED BY

Lorenzo Crocco, National Research Council (CNR), Italy Changyul Cheon,

University of Seoul, Republic of Korea

*CORRESPONDENCE Eun-Seong Kim, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Nam-Young Kim, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

RECEIVED 29 January 2024

ACCEPTED 08 March 2024

PUBLISHED 28 March 2024

CITATION

Kim I, Lee D-M, Shin J-W, Lee G-J, Kim E-S and Kim N-Y (2024), Radio frequency hyperthermia system for skin tightening effect by filled waveguide aperture antenna with compact metamaterials. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 12:1378084.

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1378084

COPYRIGHT

© 2024 Kim, Lee, Shin, Lee, Kim and Kim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Radio frequency (RF) hyperthermia focuses on raising the target area temperature to a value exceeding 45°C. Collagen is stimulated when the temperature rises to 45°C at the dermal layer, resulting in skin tightening. However, most studies on RF hyperthermia have focused on tumor ablation or using electrodes to radiate an electromagnetic field, which is highly inefficient. This study proposed a noninvasive RF hyperthermia skin-tightening system with a compact metamaterial- filled waveguide aperture antenna. The proposed RF system increased the temperature by 11.6°C and 35.3°C with 20 and 80 W of 2.45 GHz RF power, respectively, within 60 s and exhibited a very focused effective area. Furthermore, a metamaterial was proposed to reduce the size of the waveguide aperture antenna and focus the electromagnetic field in the near-field region. The proposed metamaterial-filled waveguide aperture antenna was compact, measuring 10 mm × 17.4 mm, with a peak gain of 2.2 dB at 2.45 GHz. The measured hyperthermia performance indicated that the proposed RF system exhibited better power- and time-efficient hyperthermia performance than other RF hyperthermia systems in the cosmetic skin lifting commercial market. The proposed RF hyperthermia systems will be applied into a new generation of beauty cosmetic devices.

KEYWORDS RF hyperthermia, metamaterial, skin tightening, beauty device, waveguide aperture antenna