Maheshvari N. Patel , Nayan K. Patel , Apeksha M. Merja , Saurav Patnaik

1. Clinical Research, NovoBliss Research Private Limited, Ahmedabad, IND 2. Pharmacology, Swaminarayan University, Ahmedabad, IND 3. Dermatology, NovoBliss Research Private Limited, Ahmedabad, IND 4. Cosmetology, Anveya Living Private Limited, Gurgaon, IND

Corresponding author: Maheshvari N. Patel, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Review began 09/06/2024

Review ended 09/18/2024

Published 09/23/2024

© Copyright 2024

Patel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69968

Categories: Dermatology

Keywords: dark spots, facial cleanser and serum, porphyrins, iga scoring, niacinamide, acne

1, 2 1 3 4

Open Access Original Article

How to cite this article

Patel M N, Patel N K, Merja A M, et al. (September 23, 2024) Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety, and In-Use Tolerability of a Diacnemide™-Containing Acne Kit (Facial Serum and Cleanser) Regimen for the Synergistic Management of Facial Acne in Adults. Cureus 16(9): e69968.

DOI 10.7759/cureus.69968

Jun Yan Ng1 , Qi Yi Ambrose Wong1 , Jun Jie Lim1 , Dingyu Cen1 , Jia Yi Karen Wong1 , Yi Ying Eliza Lim1 , Yang Yie Sio1 , Kavita Reginald1,2 , Yee‑How Say1,2,3 and Fook Tim Chew1,4*

*Correspondence:

Fook Tim Chew

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Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Abstract

Background Skin ageing takes on many diferent forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or just a few specifc phenotypes. Presently, phenotypes such as wrinkles, pigment spots, and photo-ageing are receiving most of the research attention. We therefore wonder whether the current discourse on skin ageing places a disproportion‑ate amount of focus on a few selected phenotypes, leaving other skin ageing phenotypes underexplored.

Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed a broad assessment of forty-one signs of skin ageing and characterised the phenotypes that constituted key components of skin ageing. We also explored the interrelationship among forty-one skin ageing phenotypes using Spearman’s Correlation and Principal Component Analysis.

Results We analysed our study population, which is composed of 3281 ethnic Chinese participants from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES). The first ten principal components cumulatively explain 46.88% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We discovered that the commonly discussed forms of skin ageing (i.e., wrinkles, pigmentation, and photo-ageing) only accounted for a small portion (24.39%) of the variance of all skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. Telangiectasia, a poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides (freckles), ptosis of eyelids (droopy eyelids), eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning were other key components of skin ageing, accounting for a further 22.49% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We found that each of these ten skin ageing phenotypes characterises a key and important aspect of skin ageing. In this broad assessment of skin ageing, we frst described the prevalence of forty-one signs of skin ageing and then characterised in detail both the prevalence and severity distribution of ten key skin ageing phenotypes.

Conclusions We presented clear evidence that skin ageing is much more than just wrinkles, pigmentation and photo-ageing. The addition of telangiectasia, poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides, ptosis of eyelids, eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning added more dimensions to skin ageing phenotype presentations.

Keywords Skin aging, Skin ageing, Broad assessment, Cross-sectional study, Wrinkling, Sagging, Principal Component Analysis, Chinese, Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study, SMCGES

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Merve Tomas1 , Deniz Günal-Köroğlu1 , Senem Kamiloglu2,3, Tugba Ozdal4 and Esra Capanoglu1,5*

Abstract

Phytochemicals help mitigate skin aging by scavenging free radicals, modulating key enzymatic pathways, and promoting the skin’s structural integrity. Carotenoids, vitamins, essential fatty acids, and phenolic compounds work by acting as antioxidants, inhibiting enzymes like hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase, which degrade skin structure, and reducing levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, etc.) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP- 2) linked to aging. Recent research highlights that plant-based phytochemicals can improve skin elasticity, reduce hyperpigmentation, prevent the breakdown of important skin proteins, and support wound healing, making them valuable components for skin care and treatments. This review explores the multifaceted roles of phytochemicals in maintaining and improving skin health, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential in skin anti-aging

Keywords Skin care, Anti-aging, Phytochemicals, Polyphenols, Carotenoids, Fatty acids, Saponins, Alkoloids

*Correspondence:

Esra Capanoglu

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1 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye

2 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Türkiye

3 Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITUAM), Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Türkiye

4 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, 34959 Tuzla, Istanbul, Türkiye

5 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Leah Cliatt , Joanna Petrides

1. Dermatology, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA 2. Family Medicine, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA

Corresponding author: Leah Cliatt, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Abstract

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked an interest in skincare with the closure of spas and salons. Skincare, one of TikTok's most popular dermatology-related hashtags, received hundreds of millions of views. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) sharedfacial cleansing recommendations; however, how many people follow them is unclear. Studies have shown a good daily facial cleansing andmoisturizing routine can increase microbiome diversityand skin hydration. This can be beneficial in conditions like psoriasis, eczema, and acne.

Purpose

The aim of the study is to assess how well people follow the AAD recommendations and evaluate any differences in this behavior by gender.

Methods

A 19-question survey was designed and administered utilizing Qualtrics. The questions included demographic information, facial cleansing practices, and motivation for skincare routine. The survey was distributed via Rowan Email and on various social media platforms (GroupMe, Instagram, etc.) to target the general population. The data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results

One hundred twenty-four responses were collected from 91 female-identifying and 33 male-identifying participants. There were statistically significant differences between genders for the use of non-alcoholic gentle cleanser (p<0.001), use of moisturizer after washing the face (p<0.001), washing the face after sweating (p<0.001), and using warm water (p=0.026). No statistically significant difference was seen for face washing occurrence between genders (p=0.098). Statistically significant differences were seen between genders for motivation: hygiene (p<0.001), beauty/anti-aging (p<0.001), and health (p=0.004).

Conclusion

Individuals who identify as female may be more likely to adhere to AAD facial skincare recommendations. This could be a result of self-reported motivations such as hygiene, beauty, and health.

Categories: Dermatology

Keywords: beauty, dermatologic agents, dermatology, face cleansing, face washing, female, hygiene, skin

Review began 11/19/2024

Review ended 12/12/2024

Published 12/16/2024

© Copyright 2024

Cliatt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.75810