Claus Vinter Bødker Hviid1,2 · Nicklas Højgaard-Hessellund Rasmussen2,3 · Johan Røikjer2,3,4
Received: 5 December 2024 / Accepted: 22 March 2025 / Published online: 7 April 2025© The Author(s) 2025
Abstract
Background Objective and easily applicable biomarkers for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are warranted. Circulating nerve-specific proteins have emerged as valuable biomarkers for central nervous system disease but few of these have been tested in peripheral neuropathy. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is highly expressed in non-myelinating Schwann cells while UCH-L1 is a neuron expressed stress protein not previous analyzed in DPN. In this pilot study, we explore serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels in patients with/without DPN and controls.
Methods Persons with DPN (n=28), without DPN (n=31), and controls (n=30) were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. Sural nerve conduction (velocity and amplitude) was evaluated by NC-stat DPNCheck™ and quantitative sensory testing of cold detection and pain was performed. GFAP and UCH-L1 levels were compared across study groups and the unadjusted correlation with nerve assessments evaluated.
Results Serum GFAP were lower in persons with DPN (20.9±10.9 pg/ml) than in persons without DPN (26.2±14.1 pg/ ml) (p=0.04) or controls (31.7±26.0 pg/ml) (p=0.02). GFAP levels were not different in persons without DPN and controls (p=0.61). UCH-L1 levels were not different between study groups (p=0.48). GFAP levels correlated with cold pain thresh-old (Rho= − 0.320, p=0.02) but failed to reach significance for cold detection (Rho= − 0.236, p=0.09). No correlation was observed between GFAP and nerve amplitude (p=0.58) or conductivity (p=0.86).
Conclusion Serum GFAP levels are reduced in persons with DPN compared to persons without DPN and controls. Reduced serum GFAP levels may be associated with reduced markers of small nerve fiber damage obtained from quantitative sensory testing in people with diabetes.
Keywords Diabetic polyneuropathy · Diabetes · Biomarkers · Glial fibrillary acidic protein · Quantitative sensory testing
Haixia Qi1 · Tao Zhang2 · Lijie Hou3 · Qi LI4 · Ruiping Huang3 · Lihua Ma1,3
Received: 23 December 2024 / Accepted: 29 March 2025 / Published online: 19 April 2025 © The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025
Objective This study aimed to comprehensively review the latest advancements in diabetic foot risk prediction models over the past four years to address the severe challenges posed by diabetic foot ulcers, which are among the leading causes of disability and mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by their complex aetiology, pose a grave threat to life and impose enormous social and economic burdens, thus becoming a critical issue in public health that urgently requires attention. By accurately predicting the risk of diabetic foot and implementing early intervention strategies, this study aimed to reduce its incidence and mortality rates.
Methods This study employed a systematic review and comprehensive analysis framework, conducted extensive searches of electronic databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, etc.) and supplemented these searches with manual literature collection to ensure comprehensive information coverage. During the literature screening and evalua-tion phase, strict adherence to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria was maintained to guarantee the high qual-ity of the included studies. Further detailed quality assessments, data extraction, and analysis of the selected literature were conducted, with a focus on exploring the construction strategies of risk prediction models, the selection of key variables, the evaluation indicators of model performance, and the validation methods.
Results By comparing and analysing the differences among studies in terms of methodology, model effectiveness, and prac-tical application potential, this study summarized the development trends of diabetic foot risk prediction models and antici-pated future research directions. These findings indicate that with the assistance of advanced diabetic foot risk prediction models, potential risk factors can be identified and addressed early on, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of diabetic foot and significantly improving patients’ quality of life.
Conclusion This study revealed that diabetic foot risk prediction models have significant effects on accurately identifying risk factors and guiding early interventions, serving as effective tools to reduce the incidence of diabetic foot. Through early identification and intervention, the prognosis and quality of life of patients can be significantly improved, providing impor-tant references and guidance for the field of public health.
Keywords Diabetic foot ulcer · High-risk diabetic foot · Diabetes · Prediction model
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伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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