中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会色素病学组 中华医学会皮肤性病学分会白癜风研究中心 中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会色素病工作组
通信作者：何黎，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。；许爱娥，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
【摘要】 目前认为黄褐斑的发病与遗传、日光、性激素等有关，涉及黑素合成增加、皮损处血管增生、炎症反应及皮肤屏障受损等机制。诊断主要依据临床表现和无创检测技术。该指南结合近年研究新进展，全面阐述了黄褐斑的病因及发病机制、临床表现、分期与分型、诊断及治疗等，旨在提高中国皮肤科医师对黄褐斑的诊治水平。
【关键词】 黄褐斑；指南；诊断；治疗
DOI：10.35541/cjd.20200900
Consensus on diagnosis and treatment of melasma in China（2021 version）
Pigmentary Disorder Group, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology; Research Center for Vitiligo, Chinese Society of Dermatology; Working Group on Pigmentary Disorders, China Dermatologist Association
Corresponding authors: He Li, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; Xu Ai′e, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
【Abstract】 At present, exact pathogenesis of melasma remains unclear, genetics, sunlight exposure, sex hormones, etc., are considered as the main causative factors. Its pathogenesis involves excessive melanin synthesis, vascular hyperplasia in skin lesions, inflammation and skin barrier impairment. The diagnosis of melasma mainly relies on clinical manifestations and non⁃invasive detection techniques. Based on research progress in recent years, this consensus comprehensively elaborates the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, staging and classification, diagnosis and treatment of melasma, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of melasma by Chinese dermatologists.
【Key words】 Melasma; Guidelines; Diagnosis; Therapy DOI: 10.35541/cjd.20200900
Zsuzsa Muszka 1,2,4 , Viktória Jenei1,3,4, Rebeka Mácsik1 , Evgeniya Mezhonova1 , Silina Diyab1 , Réka Csősz1 , Attila Bácsi1 , Anett Mázló1✉ and Gábor Koncz 1 ✉
Chronic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and various other organspecific conditions, involve different underlying pathological processes. However, they share common risk factors that contribute to the development and progression of these diseases, including air pollution, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol levels, smoking and alcoholism. In this review, we aim to explore the connection between four types of diseases with different etiologies and various risk factors. We highlight that the presence of risk factors induces regulated necrotic cell death, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), ultimately resulting in sterile inflammation. Therefore, DAMP-mediated inflammation may be the link explaining how risk factors can lead to the development and maintenance of chronic diseases. To explore these processes, we summarize the main cell death pathways activated by the most common life-threatening risk factors, the types of released DAMPs and how these events are associated with the pathophysiology of diseases with the highest mortality.
Cell Death and Disease (2025) 16:273 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07563-7
FACTS
Environmental, physiological or behavioral risk factors can induce regulated necrotic cell death and DAMP production.
DAMP-related sterile inflammation plays a role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes or alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.
Current anti-inflammatory treatments do not target the root cause of cell death processes and the release of DAMPs.
OPEN QUESTIONS
To what extent can the harmful effects of risk factors be mitigated by regulating necrotic cell death?
To what extent do the DAMP patterns of pathologies associated with sterile inflammation overlap?
In which diseases can drugs targeting the pathomechanism ofsterile inflammation be used, such as drugs that inhibit the effects of regulated cell death or DAMPs?
1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 2 Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 3 Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. 4 These authors contributed equally: Zsuzsa Muszka, Viktória Jenei. ✉email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 Edited By Massimiliano Agostini
Authors
Daniela Tinti Moreira Borges
Leila Blanes
Christiane S. Sobral
Vita Boyar
Keywords
Gözde Turkmenoglu
Ayise Karadag
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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