Alessandra Macciotta ,1,2 Carlotta Sacerdote,3 Claudia Giachino,1 Chiara Di Girolamo,1 Matteo Franco,1 Yvonne T van der Schouw,4 Raul Zamora-Ros,5 Elisabete Weiderpass,6 Cloé Domenighetti,7 Alexis Elbaz ,7 Thérèse Truong,7 Claudia Agnoli,8 Benedetta Bendinelli,9 Salvatore Panico,10 Paolo Vineis ,11 Sofia Christakoudi,11,12 Matthias B Schulze,13,14,15 Verena Katzke,16 Rashmita Bajracharya,16 Christina C Dahm,17 Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton,18,19 Sandra M Colorado-Yohar,20,21,22 Conchi Moreno-Iribas,23 Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta,21,24,25 María José Sanchez,21,26,27 Nita G Forouhi,28 Nicholas Wareham,28 Fulvio Ricceri 1.
Additional supplemental material is published online only. To view, please visit the journal online (https://doi.org/ 10.1136/jech-2024-222734). For numbered affiliations see end of article.
Correspondence to
Professor Carlotta Sacerdote; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 NW and FR contributed equally. Received 10 July 2024 Accepted 19 November 2024© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group
To cite: Macciotta A, Sacerdote C, Giachino C, et al. J Epidemiol Community Health Epub ahead of print:[please include Day MonthYear]. doi:10.1136/jech- 2024-222734
ABSTRACT
Introduction Observational studies have shown that more educated people are at lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, robust study designs are needed to investigate the likelihood that such a relationship is causal. This study used genetic instruments for education to estimate the effect of education on T2D using the Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach.
Methods Analyses have been conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)- InterAct study (more than 20000 individuals), a case-cohort study of T2D nested in the EPIC cohort. Education was measured as Years of Education and Relative Index of Inequality. Prentice-weighted Cox models were performed to estimate the association between education and T2D. One-sample MR analyses investigated whether genetic predisposition towards longer education was associated with risk of T2D and investigated potential mediators of the
Results MR estimates indicated a risk reduction of about 15% for each year of longer education on the risk of developing T2D, confirming the protective role estimated by observational models (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.96). MR analyses on putative mediators showed a significant role of education on body mass index, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and smoking habits.
Conclusion The results supported the hypothesis that higher education is a protective factor for the risk of developing T2D. Based on its position in the causal chain, education may be antecedent of other known risk factors for T2D including unhealthy behaviours. These findings reinforce evidence obtained through observational study designs and bridge the gap between correlation and causation.
Stephanie J. Hanna1 · Rachel H. Bonami2,3,4,5 · Brian Corrie6,7 · Monica Westley8 · Amanda L. Posgai9 · Eline T. Luning Prak10 · Felix Breden6,7 · Aaron W. Michels11 · Todd M. Brusko9,12,13 · Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium
Received: 26 May 2024 / Accepted: 19 August 2024 / Published online: 29 October 2024
© The Author(s) 2024
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Abstract
Human molecular genetics has brought incredible insights into the variants that confer risk for the development of tissuespecific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. The hallmark cell-mediated immune destruction that is characteristic of type 1 diabetes is closely linked with risk conferred by the HLA class II gene locus, in combination with a broad array of additional candidate genes influencing islet-resident beta cells within the pancreas, as well as function, phenotype and trafficking of immune cells to tissues. In addition to the well-studied germline SNP variants, there are critical contributions conferred by T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) genes that undergo somatic recombination to yield the Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) responsible for autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. We therefore created the T1D TCR/ BCR Repository (The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository) to study these highly variable and dynamic gene rearrangements. In addition to processed TCR and BCR sequences, the T1D TCR/BCR Repository includes detailed metadata (e.g. participant demographics, disease-associated parameters and tissue type). We introduce the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium goals and outline methods to use and deposit data to this comprehensive repository. Our ultimate goal is to facilitate research community access to rich, carefully annotated immune AIRR datasets to enable new scientific inquiry and insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
Keywords AIRR · AIRR Data Commons · Autoantibodies · B cell receptors · FAIR data · Next-generation sequencing · Single-cell RNA-seq · T cell receptors · Type 1 diabetes
Abbreviations
AAb Autoantibody/autoantibodies
ADC AIRR Data Commons
AIM Activation-induced marker
AIRR Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire
AIRR-seq AIRR sequencing
BCR B cell receptor
CDR3 Complementarity determining region 3
FAIR Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable
GEO Gene Expression Omnibus
HPAP Human Pancreas Analysis Program
IEDB Immune Epitope Database
MiAIRR Minimal information about AIRR
ML Machine learning
pLN Pancreatic lymph node(s)
SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
scRNA-seq Single-cell RNA-seq
SRA Sequence Read Archive
T1D TCR/BCR Repository The Type 1 Diabetes T Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor Repository
TCR T cell receptor
TCRβ T cell receptor β chain
Tfh T follicular helper
Treg Regulatory T cell(s)
VDJ Variable, diversity and joining gene segments
Stephanie J. Hanna and Rachel H. Bonami contributed equally to this work. Aaron W. Michels and Todd M. Brusko contributed equally as joint senior authors.
Members of the Type 1 Diabetes AIRR Consortium are listed in the Acknowledgements.
原创: 十六点五 中山二院糖尿病足中心
如果说大拇指占了人手功能的50%以上的功能,那么足的大趾的功能并没有那么大的作用,实际上,为了追求足底的平面,这三个支撑点的功能都非常重要。
足部对于一个人来说最重要的功能就是站立和行走,这些功能对于一个人来说是非常重要的,没有站立和行走的功能,就意味着这个人无法生活自理,无法工作,需要其他人的照顾,生活质量的急剧下降。
有关糖尿病足这个顽疾,国内外学界最近几年出了很多的指南、专家共识,对于几个比较重要的指南(包括对于2019年版IWGDF糖尿病足指南、2015年版IWGDF糖尿病足指南、中华医学会糖尿病分会糖尿病足及周围血管病变学组等)进行研读之后,有这么几个印象。
2019年版IWGDF有关糖尿病足指南特别推荐的SINBAD系统是指对糖尿病足以下的一些指标进行评价后的分类:Site(位置)、Ischemia(缺血)、Neuropathy(神经病变)、Bacterial infection(细菌感染)、Area(面积)、Depth(深度)。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
扫一扫了解详情:
任何关于疾病的建议都不能替代执业医师的面对面诊断。所有门诊时间仅供参考,最终以医院当日公布为准。
网友、医生言论仅代表其个人观点,不代表本站同意其说法,请谨慎参阅,本站不承担由此引起的法律责任。