Chiara M. Soldavini1 · Gabriele Piuri1 · Paola A. Corsetto2 · Irma Colombo2 · Veronica Resi3 · Stefania Zava2 · Gabriele Rossi1 · Enrico Ferrazzi1,4 · Angela M. Rizzo2
Received: 27 December 2024 / Accepted: 2 March 2025 / Published online: 1 April 2025 © The Author(s) 2025
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is characterized by changes in lipid metabolism with significant implications for the health of both mother and offspring. When these changes develop into maternal dyslipidemia, a significant association with adverse pregnancy outcomes has been observed, including the development of gestational diabetes (GD), modulation of the inflam-matory response, and excessive fetal growth. In the present study, we performed a lipidomic assessment of patients at GD diagnosis (24–28 weeks of gestation) and 12 weeks after diagnosis. We found higher levels of esterified oleic acid in plasma at the time of GD diagnosis in women who subsequently required pharmacological therapy to control blood glu-cose levels compared to those who did not require additional treatment, suggesting that the measurement of plasma oleic acid might be an additional tool for the early identification of patients with a more severe form of gestational diabetes. Moreover, plasma oleic acid levels showed a positive correlation with fetal growth in the context of adequate glycemic control, supporting a metabolic dysregulation of other pathways whose identification could help clinicians to discriminate different cases within the spectrum of severity of the disease. Finally, the correlation between plasma oleic acid and circu-lating BAFF levels at the time of diagnosis and 12 weeks later adds a possible mechanism to support the pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic state in the metabolic set of GD. Overall, these findings strongly support the role of plasma oleic acid as a possible early marker for GD severity stratification during pregnancy.
Keywords Gestational diabetes · Lipidomics · Oleic acid · Fatty acid · Pregnancy inflammation · Biomarker
Claus Vinter Bødker Hviid1,2 · Nicklas Højgaard-Hessellund Rasmussen2,3 · Johan Røikjer2,3,4
Received: 5 December 2024 / Accepted: 22 March 2025 / Published online: 7 April 2025© The Author(s) 2025
Background Objective and easily applicable biomarkers for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are warranted. Circulating nerve-specific proteins have emerged as valuable biomarkers for central nervous system disease but few of these have been tested in peripheral neuropathy. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is highly expressed in non-myelinating Schwann cells while UCH-L1 is a neuron expressed stress protein not previous analyzed in DPN. In this pilot study, we explore serum GFAP and UCH-L1 levels in patients with/without DPN and controls.
Methods Persons with DPN (n=28), without DPN (n=31), and controls (n=30) were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. Sural nerve conduction (velocity and amplitude) was evaluated by NC-stat DPNCheck™ and quantitative sensory testing of cold detection and pain was performed. GFAP and UCH-L1 levels were compared across study groups and the unadjusted correlation with nerve assessments evaluated.
Results Serum GFAP were lower in persons with DPN (20.9±10.9 pg/ml) than in persons without DPN (26.2±14.1 pg/ ml) (p=0.04) or controls (31.7±26.0 pg/ml) (p=0.02). GFAP levels were not different in persons without DPN and controls (p=0.61). UCH-L1 levels were not different between study groups (p=0.48). GFAP levels correlated with cold pain thresh-old (Rho= − 0.320, p=0.02) but failed to reach significance for cold detection (Rho= − 0.236, p=0.09). No correlation was observed between GFAP and nerve amplitude (p=0.58) or conductivity (p=0.86).
Conclusion Serum GFAP levels are reduced in persons with DPN compared to persons without DPN and controls. Reduced serum GFAP levels may be associated with reduced markers of small nerve fiber damage obtained from quantitative sensory testing in people with diabetes.
Keywords Diabetic polyneuropathy · Diabetes · Biomarkers · Glial fibrillary acidic protein · Quantitative sensory testing
This article is excerpted from the 《Small Science》 by Wound World
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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