微信协助：治愈一例新生儿输液外渗性皮肤损害

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18 10月 2019

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Author : 伤口世界

原创：胡海涛负压引流与创面修复

百公里外的老同学，她在新生儿科，发来图片：

历时2周，痊愈：

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伤口世界

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Latest from 伤口世界

Switching patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists from 2018 to 2025 in the largest private healthcare network in Poland
保湿润肤类产品应用指导专家共识（2023版）
The Skin Barrier and Moisturization: Function, Disruption, and Mechanisms of Repair
GLP-1 receptor agonists and coronary plaques regression in diabetic patients after acute coronary syndromes
Anxiety, social responsiveness, and grit among patients with KCNJ11- related neonatal diabetes compared to unaffected siblings

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Switching patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists from 2018 to 2025 in the largest private healthcare network in Poland 2026-05-20 00:00

Krzysztof Łupina1 · Artur Dziewierz2,3 · Jakub Janczura1 · Zbigniew Siudak1,4

Received: 6 March 2026 / Accepted: 26 April 2026

© The Author(s) 2026

Abstract

Aims To characterize switching among GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in a large private-sector cohort in Poland and to quantify therapy- and patient-level associations with switching while accounting for switching opportunity and calendar-time dynamics.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of GLP-1 RA prescription records from the LUX MED network (2018–2025). Switching was defined as any change in agent between consecutive prescriptions. Patients with more than one pre-scription were included (n=42,423). The primary analysis used a transition-level discrete-time hazard model in which each prescription-to-prescription interval contributed one observation, and the outcome was switching at that interval. Current-therapy contrasts were reported relative to subcutaneous semaglutide. Sensitivity analyses examined alternative temporal parameterizations and additional adjustment for elapsed time.

Results Overall, 29.7% of patients switched at least once and 14.3% switched two or more times. In the transition-level analysis, 12,620 patients contributed 27,095 transitions. After adjustment for opportunity and calendar time, liraglutide was associated with substantially lower odds of switching compared with subcutaneous semaglutide (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01–0.03), whereas oral semaglutide (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.78–2.17) and dulaglutide (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.95–3.04) did not differ significantly. Temporal analyses revealed peaks consistent with episodic substitution and accelerated tirzepatide uptake after market entry. The principal associations remained directionally consistent in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions Switching among GLP-1 RAs is common and time-dependent. Time-aware modelling identified therapy-spe-cific switching patterns and pronounced temporal variation; reasons for switching remain unmeasured, and the observed associations should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating.

Keywords Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists · Tirzepatide · Treatment switching · Real-world evidence · Private healthcare · Obesity
保湿润肤类产品应用指导专家共识（2023版） 2026-05-19 00:00

中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会

通信作者：郝飞，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。；高兴华，Email：该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【摘要】应用保湿润肤类产品是保护或修护皮肤屏障、维护皮肤健康和防治皮肤病的重要手段。为规范及合理应用保湿润肤类产品，中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会组织国内有关专家，结合国内外研究现状，就保湿润肤类产品的功效、成分选择、应用指征、使用法、不良反应及注意事项等深入讨论并达成此共识。

【关键词】皮肤；保湿润肤类产品；合理应用；皮肤屏障；专家共识

DOI：10.35541/cjd.20230133

Guidance on application of moisturizers and emollients: an expert consensus（2023）

China Dermatologist Association

Corresponding authors: Hao Fei, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。; Gao Xinghua, Email: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

【Abstract】 The application of moisturizers and emollients is an important method for protecting or repairing skin barriers, maintaining skin health, and coping with skin diseases. In order to standardize and rationalize the application of moisturizers and emollients, the China Dermatologist Association convened Chinese experts in this field to conduct sessions of in⁃depth discussions based on up⁃to⁃date Chinese and international research outcomes, and reached a consensus on the efficacy, composition selection, application indications, application methods and adverse reactions of moisturizers and emollients, as well as considerations during their use.

【Key words】

Skin; Moisturizers and emollients; Rational application; Skin barriers; Expert consensus

DOI: 10.35541/cjd.20230133

皮肤屏障功能维持着机体内环境稳定［1］。遗传基因异常、生理性衰退及各种疾病等均可破坏皮肤完整性，导致屏障功能障碍，进一步影响皮肤健康乃至疾病的发生和发展［2］。因此，使用保湿润肤类产品成为保护和修复皮肤屏障的重要措施。为规范及合理应用保湿润肤类产品，中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会组织国内有关专家，结合国内外研究现状，就保湿润肤类产品的功效、成分选择、应用指征、使用方法、不良反应及注意事项等深入讨论并达成应用指导的专家共识。

本共识文献检索自Medline、PubMed、Cochrane协作网、中国知网、万方医学网等数据库，关键词包括但不限于：moisturizer、emollient、skincare、skinbarrier、保湿润肤类产品、保湿剂、润肤剂、护肤品、皮肤屏障、天然保湿因子、特应性皮炎（atopicdermatitis，AD）、玫瑰痤疮、敏感性皮肤、经表皮失水率等，检索起始时间不限，大部分参考文献为2010年后最新发表。文中近30条重要结论均经过专家组Delphi问询法论证。
The Skin Barrier and Moisturization: Function, Disruption, and Mechanisms of Repair 2026-05-18 00:00

Jeffrey Rajkumara Neha Chandana Peter Liob Vivian Shic

a Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;

b Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;

c Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA

Keywords

Skin barrier · Barrier disruption · Moisturizers

Abstract

Background: The anatomic layers of the skin are well-defined, and a functional model of the skin barrier has recently been described. Barrier disruption plays a key role in several skin conditions, and moisturization is recommended as an initial treatment in conditions such as atopic dermatitis. This review aimed to analyze the skin barrier in the context of the function model, with a focus on the mechanisms by which moisturizers support each of the functional layers of the skin barrier to promote homeostasis and repair. Summary: The skin barrier is comprised of four interdependent layers – physical, chemical, microbiologic, and immunologic – which maintain barrier structure and function. Moisturizers target disruption affecting each of these four layers through several mechanisms and were shown to improve transepidermal water loss in several studies. Occlusives, humectants, and emollients occlude the surface of the stratum corneum (SC), draw water from the dermis into the epidermis, and assimilate into the SC, re- spectively, in order to strengthen the physical skin barrier. Acidic moisturizers bolster the chemical skin barrier by sup-porting optimal enzymatic function, increasing ceramide production, and facilitating ideal conditions for commensal microorganisms. Regular moisturization may strengthen the immunologic skin barrier by reducing permeability and subsequent allergen penetration and sensitization. Key Messages: The physical, chemical, microbiologic, and im-munologic layers of the skin barrier are each uniquely impacted in states of skin barrier disruption. Moisturizers target each of the layers of the skin barrier to maintain homeostasis and facilitate repair.

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

微信协助：治愈一例新生儿输液外渗性皮肤损害

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