在加快创面愈合和皮片贴服创面的同时,理论上也会减轻换药时的疼痛以及减少创面并发症。与对照组单纯皮片移植相比,结合了自体细胞再生技术后,创面的愈合速度加快,上皮化形成快,可减少内层敷料与皮片间创面的粘连,从而减轻了换药时的疼痛等不适。但是,在本研究中,两组患者在植皮术后首次换药时,疼痛评分并无显著性差异,可能与网状皮、邮票皮移植的特点有关,皮片之间存在缝隙,术后第3天即进行首次换药,皮片之间缝隙创面尚未愈合,一定程度上与内层敷料粘连从而引起疼痛不适。但是,随着创面愈合速度加快,其发生感染、皮下血肿等并发症的可能就越小。本次研究中,实验组与对照组均无皮下血肿发生。另外,感染率在两组的比较中,差异也无统计学意义。
创面愈合后瘢痕增生情况主要取决于受损创面的深度和创面修复组织的速度。因此,缩短创面愈合时间是减少和防止瘢痕增生的有效手段,也为后期的肢体功能康复锻炼奠定基础。同时,本组病例均是行削痂术,最大限度地保留了皮下健康的真皮组织和脂肪组织,也为愈后的皮肤质量提供了保证。实验组应用了自体细胞再生技术,有效加快了创面的愈合速度,明显改善了创面瘢痕增生情况。本研究在随访中,观察到与对照组相比,实验组中皮片移植后瘢痕增生程度不明显,温哥华瘢痕评定量表评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。这可能与表皮基底细胞中含有部分活性成纤维细胞,通过分泌胶原,形成细胞外基质,减少了瘢痕的挛缩。
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