Liang Chen1,2 | Fudi Wang3 | Xiaoyun Hu1,2 | Nihong Li1,2 | Ying Gao4 | Fengfeng Xue5 | Ling Xie1,2 | Min Xie1,2

1 Scientific Research Laboratory, Shanghai Le-Surely Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China |

2 SASELOMO Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shanghai Chuanmei Industrial Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China |

3 Evelab Insight (Singapore) Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore |

4 Zhejiang Moda Biotech Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China |

5 Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Correspondence: Liang Chen (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) | Fengfeng Xue (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 5 September 2024 | Revised: 25 December 2024 | Accepted: 24 January 2025

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: antiaging | baicalin | bio-vesicle | skin physiology and cell culture | transdermal delivery

Hawazin Arkan Yousif1 | Israa Al-Ani1 | Maha N. Abu Hajleh2 | Sina Matalqah1 | Wael Abu Dayyih3 |

Emad A. Al-Dujaili4

1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya

Amman University, Amman, Jordan |

2 Department of Cosmetic Science, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Allied Medical

Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan |

3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak,

Jordan |

4 Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Correspondence: Maha N. Abu Hajleh (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 26 August 2024 | Revised: 4 October 2024 | Accepted: 18 November 2024

Keywords: antiaging | coenzyme Q10 | hyaluronic acid | skin care | ubiquinone

Ramadan S. Hussein1 | Salman Bin Dayel1 | Othman Abahussein1 | Abeer Ali El-Sherbiny2

1 Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia | 2 Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence: Ramadan S. Hussein (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 20 August 2024 | Revised: 27 September 2024 | Accepted: 8 November 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: biological mechanisms | environmental factors | extrinsic aging | intrinsic aging | skin aging

ABSTRACT

Background/Aim: Aging involves a progressive deterioration in physiological functions and increased disease susceptibility, impacting all organs and tissues, especially the skin. Skin aging is driven by intrinsic factors (genetics, cellular metabolism) and extrinsic factors (environment, lifestyle). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for promoting healthy aging and mitigating skin aging effects. This review aims to summarize the key factors influencing skin and intrinsic aging, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and contributing elements.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed journals, clinical studies, and scientific reviews published within the last two decades. The inclusion criteria prioritized studies that addressed intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of skin aging. To ensure the relevance and quality of the selected sources, a systematic approach was used to assess study design, sample size, methodology, and the significance of the findings in the context of skin aging.

Findings: The review identifies major internal factors, such as cellular senescence, genetic predisposition, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, metabolic processes, and immune system decline, as pivotal contributors to intrinsic aging. External factors, including UV radiation, pollution, lifestyle choices (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns), and skincare practices, significantly influence extrinsic skin aging. The interplay between these factors accelerates aging processes, leading to various clinical manifestations like wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, pigmentation changes, and texture alterations.

Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to skin aging is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The insights gained from this review highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach, incorporating lifestyle modifications, advanced skincare routines, and emerging therapeutic technologies, to mitigate the effects of aging and promote healthier, more resilient skin.

Marianna Blyumin-Karasik1 | Jessica Colon2 | Sylvie Nguyen2 | Jordan Rosen1

1 Precision Skin & Body Institute, Davie, Florida, USA | 2Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida, USA

Correspondence: Marianna Blyumin-Karasik (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。)

Received: 13 July 2024 | Revised: 3 October 2024 | Accepted: 24 October 2024

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Keywords: aesthetic | cosmeceuticals | healing | homeostasis | laser treatment | moisturizing serum | photoaging | skin adaptogens | skin quality | topical adaptogen