Minh-Tung Do a , Louis Kim b , Young Jae Im a,b , Kwanjin Park a,b, *
Summary
Introduction The bladder scanner (BS), a portable ultrasound device specialized in bladder volume measurement, has been developed and applied to clinical assessment of postvoid residual urine, which is a requisite in evaluating patients with voiding dysfunction.
However, experiences in the application of the BS to the pediatric population remain limited despite commonly encountered reluctance to catheterization. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the correlation and accuracy of the newly developed pediatric module of the BS (BioCon-900) in measuring bladder volume in children 0e6 years.
Materials and methods
This study included 29 patients scheduled to undergo preventive untethering for their spinal dysraphism. When they undergo cystometry for the confirmation of normal neurologic function, bladder volume was measured by BS when recorded volume infusion reached each quartile of the age-adjusted estimated bladder capacity (EBC). The difference (bias) between measured and infused volume was expressed as a percentage of EBC (%EBC). The correlation coefficient and the Bland_Altman plot were obtained to determine the discriminating power and accuracy, respectively. The acceptable limit was set as 30%EBC.
Results
A strong correlation between the measured and infused volume (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) was found for the entire age range. This excellent correlation remained comparable between children less than three years and the older ones. Bladder volume tended to be overestimated, and the mean bias was 33 ± 22.3%EBC, and it became higher with increasing quartiles. The accuracy was acceptable in all ranges of measurement in the older group and first and second quartiles in the younger one.
Discussion
We have first evaluated the potential use of BS in 0_3 years old children and compared the results with 4_6- year-old children in whom the accuracy of BS has been demonstrated. The strong point of our study was the inclusion of data spanning all quartiles of bladder volume. The use of infused volume as reference enabled us to assess the accuracy in a more precise way than the use of ultrasound. Despite the good discriminating power, the accuracy was not acceptable in higher quartiles in the younger group. If the trend of overestimation especially higher volume, could be understood prior to measurement, it would be helpful to assume the real val.
Conclusions
The children’s module in BS showed excellent discriminating power and generally acceptable accuracy in more than four-year-old children. This may lose accuracy in higher quartiles among less than three years old children.
Catherine R. deVries *
Over the course of approximately 60 years, the field of pediatric urology has evolved as a convergence of pediatric surgery, urology, and plastic surgery to address congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and genitalia in children. Guide-lines for training and certification are narrowing in high-income countries (HICs) at the same time as the fertility rate is declining and the prevalence of complex genitourinary (GU) conditions is decreasing. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), health systems for large populations are currently in a state of stress. Here we briefly review the history of pediatric urology as a surgical subspecialty, identify unmet needs especially in LMICs and place the field in the context of a global surgical ecosystem.
Methods
The English language literature on workforce trends in pediatric urology, pediatric surgery and urology was reviewed as well as development of the emerging field of global surgery. Global surgery looks at the social, economic and political context of health systems as well as unmet clinical need. World trends in fertility rates were reviewed to identify regions of workforce surplus and gaps, supply chain needs, infrastructure and systems strengths and weaknesses.
The proliferation of training programs in pediatric surgery and specialties in high-income countries (HICs) coupled with declining birth rates has led to a saturation of specialists and declining surgical case load. In LMICs, while the birth rate has also been declining, surgical specialization has not progressed. In the lowest income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, training in pediatric surgical specialties and urology is rare. The broad workforce that supports surgical care, such as anesthesia, intensivist pediatrics, radiology, laboratory, and nursing face similar challenges. Supply chains for specialized pediatric urological surgery are weak.
Conclusion
There is an evolving maldistribution of pediatric surgical and pediatric urological workforce globally, with too few practitioners in LMICs and too many in HICs. The high cost of specialized equipment limits access to quality care, and the supply chain for consumables and medication is patchy. In LIC’s, basic community-based infrastructure for health including reliable electricity is lacking. Recent experience with Covid and environmental disasters has highlighted that even in HICs surgical resilience can be challenged. This is an opportunity to consider the state of children’s urological care globally and to build resilience by identifying and addressing strengths and gaps.
原创: 十六点五 中山二院糖尿病足中心
多学科协作诊疗模式(MDT)是21世纪以来国内外新出现的最重要的医学模式之一。目的是使传统的个体式、经验式的医疗模式转变为小组协作共同决策的模式,其可以针对特定疾病,整合医疗资源,依托多学科团队,以求能够为患者制定最佳的诊断和治疗方案,并在深入交流的过程中提高各个专科的水平。
中山二院糖尿病足中心
一位援疆医生讲述了自己的故事:一天夜里,他接诊了一名遭遇车祸的病人,肝脏破裂,生命垂危。虽经全力抢救,病人终因失血过多而死亡。当医生告诉家属这个坏消息后,家属不仅没有责怪医生,反而向医生道谢,然后要求把切下的破碎肝脏带回去,和死者一起埋葬。丧事办完后,家属又来到医院结清所有费用。此举令这位医生十分感动。从此,每当遇到危重患者,他都没有后顾之忧,总是愿意冒险一搏。
如果说大拇指占了人手功能的50%以上的功能,那么足的大趾的功能并没有那么大的作用,实际上,为了追求足底的平面,这三个支撑点的功能都非常重要。
足部对于一个人来说最重要的功能就是站立和行走,这些功能对于一个人来说是非常重要的,没有站立和行走的功能,就意味着这个人无法生活自理,无法工作,需要其他人的照顾,生活质量的急剧下降。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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