Sara Ferrigno1 · Eneida Çela1 · Mauro Fatica1,2 · Benedetta Monosi1 · Arianna D’Antonio1 · Paola Conigliaro1 · Marina Cardellini3,4 · Susanna Longo3,4 · Massimo Federici3,4 · Maria Sole Chimenti1
Received: 20 February 2026 / Accepted: 26 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a higher burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than in the general population. Altered lipid and glucose metabolic pathways are widely observed, primarily due to chronic inflammation. However, metabolic dysfunction may also affect RA pathogenesis, further enhancing immune cell activation and joint damage. Glucose and lipid alterations observed in RA help define the comorbidity burden of this disease, significantly affecting disease activity and prognosis. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of metabolic dysfunctions in RA and to examine how disease activity and treatments can influence these conditions. We also summarized the main management strategies based on current literature and developed a cardiometabolic monitoring algorithm across different clinical settings to support daily patient care of these patients.
Keywords Rheumatoid arthritis · Glucose metabolism · Lipid metabolism · Atherogenesis · Inflammation · Immune-metabolism · Cardiovascular risk
Sara Ferrigno and Eneida Çela contributed equally to this manuscript
Communicated by Salvatore Corrao, M.D
Sara Ferrigno
该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
1 Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, Department of “Medicina dei Sistemi”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
2 Academic Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, C/da Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy
3 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
4 Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, Rome 00133, Italy
Georgios Mavraganis1 · Dimitrios Bampatsias1,2 · Christina Konstantaki1 · Kamil Stankowski3,4 ·Stavros Athanasopoulos1 · Chrysoula Moustou1 · Alexandros Alexandropoulos1 · Stefano Figliozzi3,4 ·Angelos Soranides1 · Ioannis Petropoulos1 · Dimitrios Klettas5 · Kimon Stamatelopoulos1,6 ·Georgios Georgiopoulos1,7
Received: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often evades diagnosis before manifestation of clinical symptoms. In this study we explored how cardiometabolic traits influence early cardiac structure and function in asymptomatic people living with diabetes (PwD), using advanced imaging.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 88 participants: 57 people living with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D), 16 people living with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) and 15 controls. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography and/or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Strain analysis, perfusion indices, and tissue characterization (T1, T2, and extracellular volume) were assessed. Arterial stiffness via pulse wave velocity (PWV), ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), circulating biomarkers and liver fibrosis indices were evaluated.
Results PwD had lower cardiac index than controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global radial strain were lower in both diabetes mellitus (DM) groups, while left atrial strain was most impaired in PwT2D (β-coefficient= − 11.77, P=0.003). DM duration≥10 years was associated with worse GLS (β-coefficient= − 2.18, P=0.033) and right VAC (β-coefficient= − 0.27, P=0.027) after multivariable analysis. While tissue characterization and perfusion indices showed no significant group differences, tight glycemic control in PwD correlated with improved myocardial strain parameters. PwT2D exhib-ited greater arterial stiffness (β-coefficient=1.52, P=0.003). In PwD, elevated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score cor-related with increased left ventricular mass (β-coefficient=6,195, P=0.022) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (β-coefficient= − 3.12, P=0.017). Higher growth differentiation factor levels were associated with reduced LVEF (β-coefficient= − 0.005, P=0.029).
Conclusion This multimodal imaging study highlights myocardial and vascular changes in asymptomatic PwD. Early com-prehensive cardiovascular assessment may help identify dysfunction before overt heart failure develops.
Keywords Diabetic cardiomyopathy · Cardiac magnetic resonance · Echocardiography · Arterial stiffness · Ventricular-arterial coupling · Liver fibrosis
原创: 十六点五 中山二院糖尿病足中心
对于外周血管病变的介入治疗,较IWGDF指南较有关OFFLOADING的细节描述,有关介入治疗的部分实在是比较粗慥,目前糖尿病外周血管病变介入治疗的热点问题大部分都没有涉及
对于糖尿病外周血管病变的治疗,2019年版IWGDF指南讲的比较少,无论是内科治疗还是介入治疗,这版的指南都讲得比较少(其实之前版本的IWGDF指南有关血管病变方面的内容更少),而国内糖尿病足指南,提到有关糖尿病外周血管病变治疗,一般都会用比较大的篇幅谈到其内科治疗。
人们对于糖尿病外周血管病变越来越关注,一方面,它是糖尿病足形成的最重要的原因;另一方面,它也是糖尿病进展到一定程度的标志,严重的糖尿病外周血管病变,往往标志着糖尿病进展到晚期,心、肾、脑、眼底等重要脏器的血管也存在严重的问题,而糖尿病足长期的皮肤溃疡不愈合,其产生的大量炎症因子,也会加重这些血管病变,因此,如何评价(诊断)及治疗糖尿病外周血管病变,成为了糖尿病诊断和治疗的最重要的领域。
糖尿病足的预防是各种指南中最重要的部分,无论是国内还是国外的,在各版的IWGDF指南都是重要内容,而且说明得特别详细及有比较多得循证医学的证据支持。但比较几个版本的IWGDF指南及国内外其他指南,这部分是肯定存在的,从中可以看出“糖尿病足的预防”已经深入人心。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
扫一扫了解详情:
任何关于疾病的建议都不能替代执业医师的面对面诊断。所有门诊时间仅供参考,最终以医院当日公布为准。
网友、医生言论仅代表其个人观点,不代表本站同意其说法,请谨慎参阅,本站不承担由此引起的法律责任。