Sitong Wang1 , Xueyu Li2*, Yuli Fang2 , Qin Shu3 , Ruihang Ma1 and Di Wu2

Abstract

Background One of the challenges of physical training in extreme condition is frostbite, especially in Northeast China. In this study, we aimed to construct a risk prediction model for frostbite among soldiers in Northeast China, and verify its effect.

Methods 698 participants were selected via convenience sampling from Northeast China from December 2021 to January 2022 (winter). They were randomly divided into a training set (N=479) and a testing set (N=202) in a ratio of 7:3. All participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire on frostbite. The prediction model was constructed through the use of Logistic regression analysis, which was used to predict the independent risk factors for frostbite formation and screen significant indicators. The model’s performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the prediction efficiency and goodness of fit.

Results The incidence of frostbite in the training set was 19.83% (95 people), all of which were first-degree frostbite. Among them, frostbite in multiple parts was the most common (58.95%), followed by singular body parts like hands (24.21%), ears (11.58%) and feet (5.26%). Single factor logistic regression analyses showed that ambient temperature, ambient wind speed, outdoor stationary time, stationary status, and history of frostbite are independent risk factors that affect the occurrence of frostbite. Furthermore, we constructed the frostbite risk prediction model for soldiers in the northeastern region of China. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the risk of frostbite in the training set and testing set was 0.816 (95% CI, 0.770~0.862) and 0.787 (95% CI, 0.713~0.860), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the model showed χ 2=11.328 and P=0.184 (>0.05). The DCA curve indicated that most of the clinical net benefits of the model are greater than 0, demonstrating good clinical

Conclusion The constructed frostbite prediction model can effectively identify soldiers with a higher risk of frostbite. It provided theoretical support for commanders to take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of frostbite among soldiers and was of great clinical guiding significance.

Keywords Frostbite, China, Northeast region, Influencing factors, Prediction model

*Correspondence:

Xueyu Li

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1 Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People’s Republic of China

2 Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Road 83rd Shenhe Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People’s Republic of China

3 School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

To the Editor: Pernio, also referred to as chilblains, is a rare inflammatory condition presenting as painful swelling and erythema of acral sites upon cold exposure.

While pathophysiology is uncertain, vasospasm is likely at play, akin to Raynaud syndrome. 1 Many cases of pernio are often thought to be idiopathic, but its presence often prompts further investigation. Currently, there is a paucity of literature exploring the association between pernio and connective tissue diseases (CTD) besides in cutaneous lupus.2

Therefore, we performed a population-level retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between pernio and autoimmune CTD in the absence of Raynaud’s

Kazuhisa Maeda1 Zheng Zhou2 Miao Guo2 Jinlong Zhang2 Lang Chen3 Fan Yang2

1 School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

2 Mageline Biology Tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China

3 Bionics Program, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence

Kazuhisa Maeda, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0982, Japan.

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Abstract

Background: It is known that heparinoid, a mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, is effective in improving rough skin and promoting blood circulation as medicines for diseased areas. However, heparinoid has a molecular weight of more than 5000 and cannot penetrate healthy stratum corneum.

Objective: We tested the efficacy of sulfated oligosaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 2000 on the human skin barrier function and moisturizing function.

Methods: We measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of a three-dimensional human epidermis model cultured for 3 days after topical application of sulfated oligosaccharides, then observed the effects on TEWL suppression. The mRNA levels of proteins involved in intercellular lipid transport and storage in the stratum corneum, and moisture retention were measured using RT-qPCR.

Results: An increase in the mRNA levels of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), which transports lipids into stratum granulosum, was confirmed. Increases were also observed in the mRNA levels of filaggrin (FLG), which is involved in the generation of natural moisturizing factors, and of caspase-14, calpain-1 and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in the degradation of FLG. Antibody staining confirmed that the application of sodium trehalose sulfate to 3D model skin resulted in more ABCA12, ceramide, transglutaminase1, and FLG than those in controls. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, participants with low stratum corneum water content applied a lotion and emulsion containing sodium trehalose sulfate to their faces for 4 weeks. Sodium trehalose sulfate decreased the TEWL and increased the stratum corneum water content.

Conclusion: These results suggest that cosmetics containing sodium trehalose sulfate act on the epidermis by increasing barrier factors and moisturizing factors, thereby ameliorating dry skin.

KEYWORDS

moisturizing, skin barrier function, sodium trehalose sulfate, sulfated oligosaccharides

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

© 2024 The Authors. Skin Research and Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Kyung Min Kim, Ji-Won Song, Chang-Wan Lee, Du-Seong Kim, Johann Sohn, and Seunghun Lee*

Biohealthcare R&D Center, HYUNDAI BIOLAND Co., Ltd., Ansan 15407, Republic of Korea

Received: June 26, 2023

Accepted: September 19, 2023

First published online:

October 19, 2023

*Corresponding author

Phone: +82-31-8085-7514

Fax: +82-31-8085-7605

E-mail: shunlee@hyundaibioland.

co.kr

Supplementary data for this paper are available on-line only at http://jmb.or.kr.

pISSN 1017-7825

eISSN 1738-8872

Copyright © 2024 by the authors. Licensee KMB. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

In the regulation of inflammatory responses and skin homeostasis, the skin and its microbiota are closely related. Studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria extracts can improve the skin condition and microbiota. In our previous study, we developed probiotic lysates, which are efficacious in improvement of human skin cells and the skin barrier. The skin-moisturizing effect of Dermabiotics HDB (HDB) prepared with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and the correlation between changes in the skin microbiota and moisture contents, were evaluated and analyzed in clinical trials. The clinical parameters on the cheeks of 21 female participants were measured using biophysical tools before and after (2 weeks) using HDB or control. The skin microbes were collected and identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. HDB significantly improved moisture intensity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hot flush level on the cheek. The beta-diversity of the skin microbiota was different from that of the control in the unweighted UniFrac principal coordinate analysis after using HDB. The genus Lawsonella demonstrated a positive correlation with TEWL and a negative correlation with the moisture contents of the keratin layer, regardless of the use of HDB and control. Conversely, after HDB use, the genus Staphylococcus was increased and associated with a lower hot flush level, while the genera of the phylum Proteobacteria tended to decrease, which is associated with an improved skin condition. Overall, HDB showed clinically proven effects, including skin moisturization with regulation of the skin microbiota.

Keywords: Probiotics, cell lysate, skin moisturizing, skin microbiota