Integrative population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis of nemonoxacin capsule in Chinese patients with community-acquired pneumonia

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09 1月 2026

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Author : 伤口世界

Integrative population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis of nemonoxacin capsule in Chinese patients with community-acquired pneumonia

This article is excerpted from the《Frontiers in Pharmacology》by Wound World

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伤口世界

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Current strategies and priorities for diabetic footwear design and production: a cross-European exploratory survey of clinicians and shoemakers
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Inflammasomes as therapeutic targets in human diseases 2026-04-14 00:00

Yangxin Li1 , Hui Huang 2, Bin Liu3 , Yu Zhang1 , Xiangbin Pan4 , Xi-Yong Yu5 , Zhenya Shen1 and Yao-Hua Song6

Inflammasomes are protein complexes of the innate immune system that initiate inflammation in response to either exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals. Inflammasome multiprotein complexes are composed of three parts: a sensor protein, an adaptor, and pro-caspase-1. Activation of the inflammasome leads to the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Effectors of the inflammasome not only provide protection against infectious pathogens, but also mediate control over sterile insults. Aberrant inflammasome signaling has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the role of the inflammasome as a double-edged sword in various diseases, and the outcomes can be either good or bad depending on the disease, as well as the genetic background. We highlight inflammasome memory and the two-shot activation process. We also propose the M- and N-type inflammation model, and discuss how the inflammasome pathway may be targeted for the development of novel therapy. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2021) 6:247 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00650-z

1Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China; 2 Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China; 3 Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China; 4 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China; 5 Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China and 6 Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Correspondence: Yangxin Li (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) or Zhenya Shen (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) or Yao-Hua Song (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) These authors contributed equally: Yangxin Li, Hui Huang, Bin Liu.
原发性肝癌诊疗指南（2026 年版） 2026-04-13 00:00

名誉主任委员：汤钊猷郑树森王学浩陈孝平董家鸿窦科峰滕皋军夏强蔡秀军

主任委员： 樊嘉

执行主任委员：周俭

副主任委员： 秦叔逵沈锋蔡建强李强王伟林陈敏山孙惠川向华吴泓

介入及局部治疗学组组长： 滕皋军

副组长：韩国宏颜志平王茂强刘瑞宝郭金和曾昭冲梁萍王忠敏

内科及系统治疗组组长：秦叔逵

副组长：任正刚侯金林张艳桥刘秀峰潘宏铭毕锋

外科学组组长：周俭

副组长：周伟平刘连新文天夫匡铭张必翔陶开山

影像学组组长：曾蒙苏

副组长：梁长虹陈敏严福华徐辉雄谢晓燕居胜红

病理学组组长：丛文铭

副组长：纪元云径平李增山

委员（按姓氏拼音排序）：

白雪莉蔡定芳陈卫霞陈亚进陈拥军成文武程树群代智戴朝六董辉杜世锁高强郭荣平郭文治郭玮郭亚兵花宝金黄晓武蒋涵羽荚卫东李家平李秋李涛李相成李汛李亚明李晔雄梁军梁霄凌昌全刘辉刘嵘刘天舒卢实春吕国悦麻勇毛一雷孟志强彭涛任伟新饶圣祥施国明石洪成石明史颖弘宋天强谭广王建华王葵王鲁王鹏王文涛王晓颖王征王志明向邦德夏君肖永胜邢宝才徐建明徐钧杨建勇杨欣荣杨业发杨云柯姚小红尹震宇袁振刚曾红梅曾永毅曾勇张博恒张雷达张水军张倜张志伟赵明赵永福郑红刚周乐杜朱继业朱康顺

秘书长： 孙惠川

副秘书长：王征史颖弘刘嵘张岚

秘书组: 肖永胜杨春吴志峰丁振斌朱小东周正君黄晓勇韩红朱海东仲斌演张巍
Current strategies and priorities for diabetic footwear design and production: a cross-European exploratory survey of clinicians and shoemakers 2026-04-11 00:00

Hadi Sarlak1,2 · Kamran Shakir1,2 · Giulia Rogati2 · Alberto Leardini2 · Lisa Berti1,3 · Paolo Caravaggi2

Received: 11 December 2025 / Accepted: 5 February 2026 © The Author(s) 2026

Abstract

Background Therapeutic footwear plays an important role in preventing ulceration in people with diabetes. Despite guide-lines recommending offloading footwear for individuals at risk of ulceration, limited data are available on the alignment between current industrial practices, clinical expectations, and evidence. This study explored current practices, priorities and challenges associated with diabetic footwear from manufacturers’ and clinicians’ perspectives across Europe.

Methods An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and October 2025 to gather insights from diabetic footwear manufacturers and clinicians involved in diabetic foot care across Europe. A 26-item questionnaire was developed to explore product design, materials, innovation, and adherence to guidelines among manufacturers. Additionally, a separate 14-item questionnaire for clinicians examined footwear prescription, patient barriers, and industry communica-tion. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and open-text responses underwent thematic analysis.

Results Nine manufacturers and twelve clinicians participated in the survey. While only half of the Manufacturers that completed the survey reported having a research and development department, most reported adopting data-driven design approaches (n=8) and scientific literature (n=7). Offloading, internal volume, and toe protection were the highest-ranking priorities for manufacturers, whereas aesthetics ranked lowest. Clinicians, conversely, prioritised accommodation of defor-mities, offloading, and comfort, and highlighted poor aesthetics and shoe weight as major limitations to adherence.

Conclusions This exploratory study suggests partial alignment between diabetic footwear manufacturers and clinicians on functional and offloading features but highlights gaps in aesthetics, materials, and sustainability. Better collaboration, data-driven innovation, and clearer product specifications could improve user adherence, prescription efficacy, and the preventive role of therapeutic footwear in diabetes care.

Keywords Diabetic foot ulcers · Therapeutic footwear · Offloading · Survey · Footwear design

Communicated by Massimo Federici.

Kamran Shakir

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Hadi Sarlak

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Giulia Rogati

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Alberto Leardini

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Lisa Berti

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Paolo Caravaggi

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1 Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni,33, Bologna 40126, Italy

2 Movement Analysis Laboratory and Functional Evaluation of Prostheses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna 40136, Italy

3 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

Integrative population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis of nemonoxacin capsule in Chinese patients with community-acquired pneumonia

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主任医师、教授、博导，南方医科大学第三附属医院（广东省骨科医院）院长

Integrative population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis of nemonoxacin capsule in Chinese patients with community-acquired pneumonia

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