A.Giaccari1 · G. Gliozzo1 · G. Ciccarelli1 · G. Di Giuseppe1 · C. Castellano2 · S. Cum3 · L. Delle Monache4,13 · M. Gallo5 ·M.Lastretti6 · G. Medea7 · M. Monesi8 · R. Napoli9 · B. Pintaudi10 · E. Succurro11 · G. Turchetti
Received: 9 January 2026 / Accepted: 17 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Abstract
Background and aims Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are now standard of care among Type 1 diabetes patients, they are still relatively underutilized in Type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in those patients not treated with insulin. Widespread adoption continues to be hindered by a combination of factors. Chief among these is the scarcity of long-term, large-scale clinical trials demonstrating the benefits of the use of CGM in T2D. This meta-analysis aimed to address this gap by comparing CGM with self-blood glucose monitoring (SBMG), with primary outcomes of HbA1c and time in range (TIR) in insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated TD2 patients.
Methods and results Following the stringent rules mandated by our National Health Service (which requires a panel com-posed of all stakeholders involved in diabetes treatment, and includes PICO, GRADE, AGREE, and meta-analyses), we performed a systematic review of RCTs that enrolled two groups of individuals with T2D, those treated with insulin (includ-ing basal and basal-bolus regimens), and those receiving treatments other than insulin. All included trials compared CGM with structured blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as the main endpoint. Based on the strength and consistency of the evidence, the panel issued a strong recommendation in favor of CGM for individuals with T2D treated with insulin (including those on basal insulin alone) and for individuals with T2D not treated with insulin, par-ticularly for those with glycated hemoglobin levels≥7%. From a pharmacoeconomic perspective, outcomes were positive in both patient groups.
Conclusion CGM represents a clinically effective and cost-efficient approach to optimizing glycemic control in T2D, becom-ing mandatory among individuals on insulin therapy. Our findings support a shift in clinical practice toward the more widespread use of CGM in T2D, with regulatory frameworks and reimbursement policies needing to adapt accordingly.
Keywords CGM · Type 2 Diabetes · Metanalysis · PICO · GRADE · Guidelines
Communicated by Massimo Federici, M.D.
A. Giaccari 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
1 Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
2 Azienda USL of Modena, Sassuolo Hospital, Sassuolo, Italy
3 Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Care Unit, ASUGI, Monfalcone, Italy
4 National Board Member of FAND (Italian Association for the Rights of Diabetic People), Roma, Italy
5 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
6 Order of Psychologists of Lazio, Rome, Italy
7 Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), Florence, Italy
8 Territorial Diabetology Unit, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
9 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
10 Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
11 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
12 Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
13 Patient Advocacy Lab, ALTEMS – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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引用本文:简喜超, 简扬, 邓呈亮. 2025版《中国糖尿病足防治实践指南》解读[J]. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2026, 32(2): 99-103. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn114657-20251215-00266.
通信作者:邓呈亮,Email:该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
ABSTRACT: Despite the advances in burn wound management, infection is a primary cause of morbidity, with infected burn wounds being responsible for 51% of burn related deaths. Because of the growing threat of multidrug resistant pathogens in burn injuries, novel therapeutic innovation remain important. This paper presents a comparison of common models and methods that support the development of novel burn wound antimicrobial treatments, of commonly available burn wound models 74% are performed in vivo, 23% are in vitro and just 3% use ex vivo tissue. The manufacturing of burn wound care products requires careful attention to materials, sterilisation, quality control, regulatory compliance and product design. By addressing these considerations systematically, manufacturers can successfully bring innovation solutions to the burn wound market while ensuring patient safety and product quality.
KEY WORDS
Antimicrobial
Biofilm
Burns
Ex vivo
In vitro
Models
Wounds
JENNIE RITCHIE
BA, ACIM, Marketing Executive, Perfectus Biomed Group, Now part of NAMSA, Techspace One SciTech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AB, jennieritchie@perfectusbiomed. com
SAMANTHA WESTGATE, PhD, Scientific Director Microbiology and In Vitro Services, Perfectus Biomed Group, Now part of NAMSA, Techspace One SciTech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AB, 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。
JIM POMONIS PhD, Associate Vice President, Scientific Affairs, NAMSA, 8945 Evergreen Blvd NW, Minneapolis, MN
Aim: In this article, we aim to raise awareness of some of the clinical concerns surrounding the management of oncology wounds, particularly malignant fungating wounds. We will also provide practical wound management recommendations for healthcare professionals to consider when managing this wound type. We aim to assess the potential of a 100% chitosan with bioactive microfibre gelling (BMG™) dressing (MaxioCel®), to support wound management and work in partnership with industry to deliver clinical education on the management of oncology wounds, including malignant fungating wounds.
Method: A case study series was undertaken over four weeks, using the chitosan BMG dressing.
Results: We recruited 10 patients during the study. The chitosan BMG dressing facilitated a significant improvement in wound tissue type, exudate levels, and periwound skin, as well as reduced malodour. A reduction in patient-reported pain levels was also noted throughout the evaluation process.
Conclusion: The introduction of BMG fibre technology demonstrated good outcomes in this patient group, in a short period of time. Importantly for this patient group, the BMG dressing was able to remain in situ during radiotherapy treatment, allowing uninterrupted management of the wounds.
Bioburden
Case studies
Malignant fungating wounds
Odour reduction
Oncology wounds
Pathways
SUSY PRAMOD
Lead Nurse Tissue Viability, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
SUE RICE
National Clinical Development Manager, CD Medical, Bolton, Lancashire
Nicola Milne
Audit within Brooklands and Northenden Primary Care Network revealed that people with type 2 diabetes under the age of 50 years were an underserved population and were less likely to receive the recommended eight care processes than other age groups locally. This article outlines the initiatives carried out to address this inequality. The work involved a Diabetes Support Team (DiaST) model of care and embedded an array of actions to overcome barriers to engagement among this hardly reached group. The initiative has resulted in more than a doubling of the rate of care process achievement in this population, although disparities with other age groups remain. The article should serve as inspiration for services looking to make the most of NHS England’s T2Day (Type 2 Diabetes in the Young) programme to fund extended health checks for people aged 18–39 years living with type 2 diabetes.
Citation: Milne N (2023) Engaging with and optimising care for people under age 50 years with type 2 diabetes: The DiaST model of care. Diabetes & Primary Care 25: [Early view publication]
Key words
– Audit
– DiaST
– Early-onset type 2 diabetes
– Service delivery
Author
Nicola Milne, DiaST Lead, Brooklands and Northenden PCN.
Background: The management of leg ulceration through compression has predominately been considered a community care need. In 2021, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, in partnership with the Doncaster Wound Care Alliance, developed and launched a framework of interventions including education, a joint wound care formulary and clinical pathways, all aimed at standardising care. Additionally, they introduced the UrgoKTwo multicomponent compression system to provide seamless care across community, primary and secondary care using the National Wound Care Strategy Programme's (NWCSP) 2020 lower limb recommendations. As a result of changes implemented by the Skin Integrity Team at Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust,within secondary care, the knowledge of hospital staff increased by an average of 34% following attendance at structured education programmes, with 99% of staff being assessed as competent in the practical application of UrgoKTwo multicomponent compression bandage system. These improvements allowed the Skin Integrity Team to perform timely assessments, diagnoses and treatments for venous leg ulcers (VLUs), resulting in 89% of VLUs commencing UrgoKTwo multicomponent compression bandage system while patients were in the hospital and achieved healing within 12 months.
Education Healing rates Leg ulcers Lower limb UrgoKTwo
KELLY PHILLIPS Lead Nurse, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, FRAN MCNAB Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
KATIE PHILLIPS Acting Clinical Nurse Specialist, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
TONI PLUMB Specialist Sister, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
LOUISE WALL Specialist Sister, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
VICTORIA DODD Specialist Sister, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
GEMMA LONG Specialist Support Worker, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
ENIKKA BARNES Specialist Support Worker, Skin Integrity Team, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust.
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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