Sara Ferrigno1 · Eneida Çela1 · Mauro Fatica1,2 · Benedetta Monosi1 · Arianna D’Antonio1 · Paola Conigliaro1 · Marina Cardellini3,4 · Susanna Longo3,4 · Massimo Federici3,4 · Maria Sole Chimenti1
Received: 20 February 2026 / Accepted: 26 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a higher burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than in the general population. Altered lipid and glucose metabolic pathways are widely observed, primarily due to chronic inflammation. However, metabolic dysfunction may also affect RA pathogenesis, further enhancing immune cell activation and joint damage. Glucose and lipid alterations observed in RA help define the comorbidity burden of this disease, significantly affecting disease activity and prognosis. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of metabolic dysfunctions in RA and to examine how disease activity and treatments can influence these conditions. We also summarized the main management strategies based on current literature and developed a cardiometabolic monitoring algorithm across different clinical settings to support daily patient care of these patients.
Keywords Rheumatoid arthritis · Glucose metabolism · Lipid metabolism · Atherogenesis · Inflammation · Immune-metabolism · Cardiovascular risk
Sara Ferrigno and Eneida Çela contributed equally to this manuscript
Communicated by Salvatore Corrao, M.D
Sara Ferrigno
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1 Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, Department of “Medicina dei Sistemi”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
2 Academic Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, C/da Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy
3 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
4 Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, Rome 00133, Italy
Georgios Mavraganis1 · Dimitrios Bampatsias1,2 · Christina Konstantaki1 · Kamil Stankowski3,4 ·Stavros Athanasopoulos1 · Chrysoula Moustou1 · Alexandros Alexandropoulos1 · Stefano Figliozzi3,4 ·Angelos Soranides1 · Ioannis Petropoulos1 · Dimitrios Klettas5 · Kimon Stamatelopoulos1,6 ·Georgios Georgiopoulos1,7
Received: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 March 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often evades diagnosis before manifestation of clinical symptoms. In this study we explored how cardiometabolic traits influence early cardiac structure and function in asymptomatic people living with diabetes (PwD), using advanced imaging.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 88 participants: 57 people living with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D), 16 people living with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) and 15 controls. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography and/or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Strain analysis, perfusion indices, and tissue characterization (T1, T2, and extracellular volume) were assessed. Arterial stiffness via pulse wave velocity (PWV), ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), circulating biomarkers and liver fibrosis indices were evaluated.
Results PwD had lower cardiac index than controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global radial strain were lower in both diabetes mellitus (DM) groups, while left atrial strain was most impaired in PwT2D (β-coefficient= − 11.77, P=0.003). DM duration≥10 years was associated with worse GLS (β-coefficient= − 2.18, P=0.033) and right VAC (β-coefficient= − 0.27, P=0.027) after multivariable analysis. While tissue characterization and perfusion indices showed no significant group differences, tight glycemic control in PwD correlated with improved myocardial strain parameters. PwT2D exhib-ited greater arterial stiffness (β-coefficient=1.52, P=0.003). In PwD, elevated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score cor-related with increased left ventricular mass (β-coefficient=6,195, P=0.022) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (β-coefficient= − 3.12, P=0.017). Higher growth differentiation factor levels were associated with reduced LVEF (β-coefficient= − 0.005, P=0.029).
Conclusion This multimodal imaging study highlights myocardial and vascular changes in asymptomatic PwD. Early com-prehensive cardiovascular assessment may help identify dysfunction before overt heart failure develops.
Keywords Diabetic cardiomyopathy · Cardiac magnetic resonance · Echocardiography · Arterial stiffness · Ventricular-arterial coupling · Liver fibrosis
专注血管 中诺医疗
患者制动、应用止血药和早期活动受限等是术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的主要因素，有效预防上述因素是减少下肢骨折术后DVT发生率的关键。
转载 中诺医疗
跌伤、擦伤、切伤、撞伤……相信大家都遇过，如果当时伤口大，不断流血，你会第一时间求医？还是自行处理？有人掉以轻心，没有正确和及时处理，结果引致伤口发炎，严重的是感染恶菌，影响器官运作功能和造成显着疤痕，甚至严重者可能致命。
文章转载自公众号 金健康贵和系统 ， 作者 金健康王老师
这话虽然肯定不招人待见，但事实是，除了种群遗传因素外，也有一部分原因是我们咎由自取。
去疤痕 中诺医疗
在我们的生活之中难免会遇到一些伤害，而有些时候就会留下疤痕。有一些疤长久的留下了，这是非常的难看的。
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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