Kento Tazawa1,2, Rutuja Jadhav1 , Mariane Maffei Azuma1 , J. Christopher Fenno3 , Neville J. McDonald1 and Hajime Sasaki1*
Abstract
Background Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is nontoxic to tissues but still exhibits broad microbicidal effect. HOCl solution may be applicable as a supplement to water and/or mouthwash. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HOCl solution on common human oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate MHVA59 virus, considering the dental practice environment.
Methods HOCl was generated by electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid. The effect of HOCl on human oral pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and MHV A59 virus was studied from four perspectives: concentration; volume; presence of saliva; and storage. HOCl solution in different conditions was utilized in bactericidal and virucidal assays, and the minimum inhibitory volume ratio that is required to completely inhibit the pathogens was determined.
Results In the absence of saliva, the minimum inhibitory volume ratio of freshly prepared HOCl solution (45–60 ppm) was 4:1 for bacterial suspensions and 6:1 for viral suspensions. The presence of saliva increased the minimum inhibitory volume ratio to 8:1 and 7:1 for bacteria and viruses, respectively. Applying a higher concentration of HOCl solution (220 or 330 ppm) did not lead to a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory volume ratio against S. inter-medius and P. micra. The minimum inhibitory volume ratio increases in applications of HOCl solution via the dentalunit water line. One week of storage of HOCl solution degraded HOCl and increased the minimum growth inhibition volume ratio.
Conclusions HOCl solution (45–60 ppm) is still effective against oral pathogens and SAR-CoV-2 surrogate viruses even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line. This study indicates that the HOCl solution can be used as therapeutic water or mouthwash and may ultimately reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice.
Keywords Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), Dental practice, Airborne infection, Oral pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, Disinfectant, Mouthwash, Minimum inhibitory volume ratio
Geun Woo Park,1 * Deyanna M. Boston,2 Julie A. Kase,1 Mark N. Sampson,2 and Mark D. Sobsey1
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina,1 and PuriCore Inc., 508 Lapp Road, Malvern, Pennsylvania 193552
Received 6 December 2006/Accepted 27 April 2007
Noroviruses (NVs) are the most frequent cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in common settings, with surface-mediated transfer via contact with fecally contaminated surfaces implicated in exposure. NVs are environmentally stable and persistent and have a low infectious dose. Several disinfectants have been evaluated for efficacy to control viruses on surfaces, but the toxicity and potential damage to treated materials limits their Sterilox hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution (HAS) has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while being suitable for general use. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of HAS to reduce NV both in aqueous suspensions and on inanimate carriers. HOCl was further tested as a fog to decontaminate large spaces. HOCl effectiveness was evaluated using nonculturable human NV measured by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and two surrogate viruses, coliphage MS2 and murine NV, that were detected by both infectivity and RT-PCR. Exposing virus-contaminated carriers of ceramic tile (porous) and stainless steel (nonporous) to 20 to 200 ppm of HOCl solution resulted in >99.9% (>3 log10) reductions of both infectivity and RNA titers of tested viruses within 10 min of exposure time. HOCl fogged in a confined space reduced the infectivity and RNA titers of NV, murine NV, and MS2 on these carriers by at least 99.9% (3 log10), regardless of carrier location and orientation. We conclude that HOCl solution as a liquid or fog is likely to be effective in disinfecting common settings to reduce NV exposures and thereby control virus spread via fomites.
擅长领域:介入微创诊疗血管性疾病等,如下肢动脉硬化闭塞症、糖尿病足、血管畸形、静脉曲张、动静脉血栓形成、静脉狭窄闭塞等。
东莞康华医院国际造口治疗师,采用全球倡导的伤口湿性愈合疗法和造口专科护理新技术,在糖尿病溃疡足、下肢动/静脉溃疡、骨髓炎、外科术后感染/脂肪液化、肿瘤伤口、放射性皮炎、痛风破溃感染、压力性损伤(压疮)、液体外渗、造口并发症、失禁、瘘管等方面提供专业化的诊治、咨询及健康教育。
从事骨科临床工作和外科学教学工作30年。擅长骨关节疾病、四肢骨折和手外伤的保守治疗、手术治疗(关节置换手术、四肢骨折内固定手术、创伤修复手术);各类创面的修复:包括糖尿病足、难治性痛风破溃感染伤口、创伤术后伤口不愈合。
长期从事影像诊断和介入放射学诊疗工作,擅长肿瘤和血管病的介入治疗。
伤口世界平台生态圈,以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景,连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源,倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口,解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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