Functional properties and skin care effects of sodium trehalose sulfate

Kazuhisa Maeda1 Zheng Zhou2 Miao Guo2 Jinlong Zhang2 Lang Chen3 Fan Yang2

1 School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

2 Mageline Biology Tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China

3 Bionics Program, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence

Kazuhisa Maeda, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0982, Japan.

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Abstract

Background: It is known that heparinoid, a mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, is effective in improving rough skin and promoting blood circulation as medicines for diseased areas. However, heparinoid has a molecular weight of more than 5000 and cannot penetrate healthy stratum corneum.

Objective: We tested the efficacy of sulfated oligosaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 2000 on the human skin barrier function and moisturizing function.

Methods: We measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of a three-dimensional human epidermis model cultured for 3 days after topical application of sulfated oligosaccharides, then observed the effects on TEWL suppression. The mRNA levels of proteins involved in intercellular lipid transport and storage in the stratum corneum, and moisture retention were measured using RT-qPCR.

Results: An increase in the mRNA levels of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), which transports lipids into stratum granulosum, was confirmed. Increases were also observed in the mRNA levels of filaggrin (FLG), which is involved in the generation of natural moisturizing factors, and of caspase-14, calpain-1 and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in the degradation of FLG. Antibody staining confirmed that the application of sodium trehalose sulfate to 3D model skin resulted in more ABCA12, ceramide, transglutaminase1, and FLG than those in controls. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, participants with low stratum corneum water content applied a lotion and emulsion containing sodium trehalose sulfate to their faces for 4 weeks. Sodium trehalose sulfate decreased the TEWL and increased the stratum corneum water content.

Conclusion: These results suggest that cosmetics containing sodium trehalose sulfate act on the epidermis by increasing barrier factors and moisturizing factors, thereby ameliorating dry skin.

KEYWORDS

moisturizing, skin barrier function, sodium trehalose sulfate, sulfated oligosaccharides

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

© 2024 The Authors. Skin Research and Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Skin Barrier-Enhancing Effects of Dermabiotics HDB with Regulation of Skin Microbiota

Kyung Min Kim, Ji-Won Song, Chang-Wan Lee, Du-Seong Kim, Johann Sohn, and Seunghun Lee*

Biohealthcare R&D Center, HYUNDAI BIOLAND Co., Ltd., Ansan 15407, Republic of Korea

Received: June 26, 2023

Accepted: September 19, 2023

First published online:

October 19, 2023

*Corresponding author

Phone: +82-31-8085-7514

Fax: +82-31-8085-7605

E-mail: shunlee@hyundaibioland.

co.kr

Supplementary data for this paper are available on-line only at http://jmb.or.kr.

pISSN 1017-7825

eISSN 1738-8872

Copyright © 2024 by the authors. Licensee KMB. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

In the regulation of inflammatory responses and skin homeostasis, the skin and its microbiota are closely related. Studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria extracts can improve the skin condition and microbiota. In our previous study, we developed probiotic lysates, which are efficacious in improvement of human skin cells and the skin barrier. The skin-moisturizing effect of Dermabiotics HDB (HDB) prepared with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and the correlation between changes in the skin microbiota and moisture contents, were evaluated and analyzed in clinical trials. The clinical parameters on the cheeks of 21 female participants were measured using biophysical tools before and after (2 weeks) using HDB or control. The skin microbes were collected and identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. HDB significantly improved moisture intensity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hot flush level on the cheek. The beta-diversity of the skin microbiota was different from that of the control in the unweighted UniFrac principal coordinate analysis after using HDB. The genus Lawsonella demonstrated a positive correlation with TEWL and a negative correlation with the moisture contents of the keratin layer, regardless of the use of HDB and control. Conversely, after HDB use, the genus Staphylococcus was increased and associated with a lower hot flush level, while the genera of the phylum Proteobacteria tended to decrease, which is associated with an improved skin condition. Overall, HDB showed clinically proven effects, including skin moisturization with regulation of the skin microbiota.

Keywords: Probiotics, cell lysate, skin moisturizing, skin microbiota

Managing dry skin in patients with comorbidities or with advanced age: unmet needs and roles for products containing potential emollient-plus ingredients

Matthias Augustina , Enzo Berardescab, Ulrike Blume-Peytavic , Peter Elsnerd, Davide Scafae, Leonard Christopher Schmeele and Ehrhardt Prokschf a University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; bDr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; dSRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany; e Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; f Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

ABSTRACT

In dry skin (DS), skin-barrier function is easily disturbed and moisturizing factors in the stratum corneum are reduced. Despite being a common condition, DS is often overlooked in patients with advanced age or comorbid diseases. In September 2022, specialists in dermatology and skin care met to discuss unmet needs and management of patients with DS with existing medical conditions or DS induced by ongoing pharmacological treatments. There was consensus about the need to improve the current understanding and management of DS in patients with comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, radiodermatitis, and photodamaged skin. Clinical guidance related to optimal treatment of DS in patients with advanced age or comorbid diseases is needed. Dexpanthenol-containing emollients have been shown to provide rapid relief from the symptoms and clinical signs of skin inflammation and are well-tolerated and effective in terms of moisturizing and soothing DS and maintaining skin-barrier function. Thus, dexpanthenol-containing emollients may play an important role in future management of DS. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of dexpanthenol across the spectrum of DS, irrespective of comorbidity status or age.

ARTICLE HISTORY

Received 12 December 2023

Accepted 27 February 2024

KEYWORDS

Dry skin; xerosis; dermatitis; comorbidities; dexpanthenol

The effcacy of hyaluronic acid fragments with amino acid in combating facial skin aging: an ultrasound and histological study

Antonio Scarano1  · E. Qorri2  · A. Sbarbati3  · S. A. Gehrke4  · Alessio Frisone1  · D. Amuso3  · Sergio Rexhep Tari1

1  Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Strada Marcello Mucci 38/B, 66100 Chieti, Italy

2  Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, 1001 Tirana, Albania

3  Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

4  Department of Research, Bioface/PgO/UCAM, Montevideo, Uruguay

Received: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 17 May 2024 / Published online: 24 June 2024

© The Author(s) 2024

* Antonio Scarano

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E. Qorri

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A. Sbarbati

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S. A. Gehrke

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D. Amuso

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Sergio Rexhep Tari

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Abstract

Background Various techniques have been employed in aesthetic medicine to combat skin aging, in particular that of the facial region. Hyaluronic acid is utilized to enhance moisture levels and extracellular matrix molecules. This study aims to histologically assess the effects of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid fragments combined with amino acids (HAAM) on facial skin rejuvenation through intradermal microinjections.

Methods A total of twenty women, with an average age of 45 and ranging from 35 to 64 years old, participated in the study, including 8 in menopause and 12 in the childbearing age group. Mesotherapy was used to administer HAAM to the patients. Prior to and three months after the treatment, each patient underwent small circular punch biopsies. Ultrasound examinations were conducted using B-mode, capturing 2D images in longitudinal or transverse orientations with frequencies ranging from 5 to 13 Mega-hertz (MY LAB X8, ESAOTE, Genova, Italy). A total of 60 ultrasound examinations were taken, with 30 collected before treatment and 30 after treatment.

Results The histological analysis demonstrates an increase in fibroblast activity resulting in the production of Type III reticular collagen, as well as an increased number of blood vessels and epidermal thickness. However, the analysis of ultrasound data before and after treatment showed no statistical difference in skin thickness in malar area, chin and mandibular angle.

Conclusions Histological assessments indicate that subcutaneous infltration of HAAM has a substantial impact on the dermis of facial skin.

Keywords Hyaluronic acid · Hyaluronic acid fragments · Amino acid · Fibroblast · Skin aging · Ultrasound

Lespedeza maximowiczii flower absolute promotes skin epithelization, barrier properties, and moisturization-related beneficial responses in human keratinocytes

Nan Young Kim a,1 , Kyung Jong Won b,1 , Do Yoon Kim a,c , Da Kyoung Lee a , Yoon Yi Kim a , Hwan Myung Lee a,c,*

a Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea

b Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea

c Korea Essential Oil Resource Research Institute, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding author. Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of

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1 These two authors contributed equally to this work.

ABSTRACT

Lespedeza maximowiczii (LM), a member of the legume family, has tyrosinase inhibitory and estrogenic activities. However, its effects on skin-related biological activities remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of LM flower absolute (LMFAb) on skinrelated biological events, especially skin re-epithelization, barrier and moisturizing-related keratinocyte (HaCaT cell) responses. In this study, LMFAb was isolated from LM flowers via solvent extraction and its chemical composition analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation, Boyden chamber, sprout outgrowth, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and Western blot assay were used to analyze the biological effects of LMFAb on HaCaT cells (a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line). Twelve components were identified in LMFAb. LMFAb promoted cell proliferation, migration, and sprout outgrowth in HaCaT cells. The absolute enhanced the activations of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38), PI3K and AKT proteins in HaCaT cells and elevated collagen type I and IV levels in HaCaT cell conditioned medium. In addition, LMFAb induced an increase in the expression levels of epidermal barrier proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, LMFAb increased hyaluronan (HA) production and expression of HA synthases (HAS-1, HAS-2, and HAS-3) but decreased HYBID (HA binding protein involved in HA depolymerization) level in HaCaT cells. These findings demonstrate that LMFAb might promote skin re-epithelization, barrier and moisturizingrelated beneficial responses in keratinocytes. This study suggests that LMFAb should be considered a potential starting material for the development of cosmetic or pharmaceutical agents that restore the functions of damaged skin.

ARTICLE INFO

Keywords:

Lespedeza maximowiczii

Absolute

Skin re-epithelization

Skin barrier

Skin moisturizing

Keratinocyte

Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review

Yu Ri Woo and Hei Sung Kim*

Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of

Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

EDITED BY

Alexandra P. Marques,

University of Minho, Portugal

REVIEWED BY

Piotr Konopelski,

Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

Karolina Chilicka-Hebel,

Opole University, Poland

*CORRESPONDENCE

Hei Sung Kim,

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RECEIVED 16 October 2023

ACCEPTED 03 January 2024

PUBLISHED 19 January 2024

CITATION

Woo YR and Kim HS (2024), Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review.

Front. Physiol. 15:1322205.

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1322205

© 2024 Woo and Kim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

The interplay between the microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in skin health and aging. The skin and gut, both of which are critical immune and neuroendocrine system, harbor microbes that are kept in balance. Microbial shifts are seen with aging and may accelerate age-related skin changes. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate connection between microbe dynamics, skin barrier, and the aging process. The gut microbe plays essential roles in the human body, safeguarding the host, modulating metabolism, and shaping immunity. Aging can perturb the gut microbiome which in turn accentuates inflammaging by further promoting senescent cell accumulation and compromising the host’s immune response. Skin microbiota diligently upholds the epidermal barrier, adeptly fending off pathogens. The aging skin encompasses alterations in the stratum corneum structure and lipid content, which negatively impact the skin’s barrier function with decreased moisture retention and increased vulnerability to infection. Efficacious restoration of the skin barrier and dysbiosis with strategic integration of acidic cleansers, emollients with optimal lipid composition, antioxidants, and judicious photoprotection may be a proactive approach to aging. Furthermore, modulation of the gut-skin axis through probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics emerges as a promising avenue to enhance skin health as studies have substantiated their efficacy in enhancing hydration, reducing wrinkles, and fortifying barrier integrity. In summary, the intricate interplay between microbes and skin barrier function is intrinsically woven into the tapestry of aging. Sound understanding of these interactions, coupled with strategic interventions aimed at recalibrating the microbiota and barrier equilibrium, holds the potential to ameliorate skin aging. Further in-depth studies are necessary to better understand skin-aging and develop targeted strategies for successful aging.

KEYWORDS

aging, skin, microbe, skin barrier, gut