Impact of metformin timing on glucose and GLP-1 response

  Pam Brown GP in Swansea

Citation: Brown P (2024) Diabetes Distilled: Impact of metformin timing on glucose and GLP-1 response. Diabetes & Primary Care 26: 143–4

  Glucose-lowering effects in response to normal-release metformin are greater when the drug is given 30 or 60 minutes before, rather than with, food, according to this small study in people with well-controlled type 2 diabetes published in Diabetologia. Endogenous GLP-1 secretion increased when metformin 1000 mg was given 30 or 60 minutes prior to a glucose infusion, whereas there was no increase when the metformin was administered at the same time as the glucose. The results suggest that, if tolerated, administering standard release metformin before meals may lead to improved postprandial glycaemic control.

The importance of getting the correct diabetes diagnosis

Jane Diggle Specialist Diabetes Nurse Practitioner, West Yorkshire

Citation: Diggle J (2024) The importance of getting the correct diabetes diagnosis. Diabetes & Primary Care 26: 111–2

Split-thickness skin graft and intralesional epidermal growth factor for patients with diabetic foot wounds

Bulent M Ertugrul, Saime Irkoren, Ender Ceylan and Oner Savk

Split thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a simple surgical technique in wound reconstruction, but various factors including inadequate wound bed preparation may cause partial or total graft loss. Ensuring infection-free healthy granulation tissue is essential before operation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a critical role in angiogenesis and formation of healthy granulation tissue. This study retrospectively investigated the value of intralesional EGF in patients with a chronic foot ulcer due to diabetes who underwent reconstruction with an autologous skin graft. Patients treated with intralesional EGF had a higher rate of graft survival, significantly fewer postoperative complications and reduced hospitalisation times. These results suggest we should undertake a need prospective study of this issue with a larger case series.

Citation: Ertugrul BM, Irkoren S, Ceylan E, Savk O (2024) Split thickness skin graft and intralesional epidermal growth factor for patients with diabetic foot wounds. The Diabetic Foot Journal 27(1): 34–9

Key words

- Diabetic foot

- Epidermal growth factor

- Skin graft

- Wound treatment

Article points

1. Healthy granulation tissue is essential to the success of split-thickness skin grafting

2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a critical role in the angiogenesis and formation of healthy granulation tissue

3. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated with EGF had a higher rate of graft survival.

Authors

     Bulent M Ertugrul MD is Professor of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Adnan Menderes School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey; Saime Irkoren MD is Associate Professor of Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, University of Adnan Menderes School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey; Ender Ceylan MD is Assistant Professor of Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, University of Adnan Menderes School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey; Oner Savk MD is Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Adnan Menderes School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey

Hypertension case finding and treatment to target as part of the NHS diabetes eye screening programme

Suneeta Kochhar, Marcia Excell

This article reviews a service pathway offering people attending their diabetes eye screening appointments an opportunistic blood pressure check to support hypertension case finding and treatment to target. The pathway promotes patient choice and facilitates primary and secondary care collaboration, as well as utilisation of home blood pressure readings. From the 200 participants in the study, 91 (45.5%) had clinic blood pressure readings above 140/90 mmHg, of whom 48 agreed to undertake home blood pressure monitoring. Of those, 33 individuals had elevated home blood pressure readings – 13 with newly diagnosed hypertension and 20 requiring treatment to target of their pre-existing hypertension. All 33 were contacted to ensure that they had been followed up by their GP practice. Participant feedback was positive.

Citation: Kochhar S, Excell M (2024) Hypertension case finding and treatment to target as part of the NHS diabetes eye screening programme. Diabetes & Primary Care 26: [Early view publication]

Article points

1. People attending their diabetes eye screening appointments may be offered an opportunistic blood pressure check to support case finding and treatment to target of hypertension.

2. Pathways for raised blood pressure may utilise home blood pressure readings to facilitate supported self-management.

3. Interface working with community providers/secondary care and primary care providers may result in early treatment of hypertension, and treatment to target is known to improve cardiovascular outcomes especially in people with diabetes.

Key words

– Cardiovascular disease

– Hypertension

– Service delivery

Authors

Suneeta Kochhar, GP Principal and Clinical Lead for CVD Prevention, NHS Sussex; Marcia Excell, RN, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, and Chief Nurse Fellow, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust.

SIRT6 Is Responsible for More Efficient DNA DoubleStrand Break Repair in Long-Lived Species

Highlights

● DSB repair, but not NER, coevolves with maximum lifespan (MLS) in rodents

● The activity of SIRT6 in stimulating DSB repair coevolves with MLS in rodent species

● Five amino acids determine the differential activities of mouse and beaver SIRT6

● Stronger SIRT6 leads to a longer lifespan

Authors

Xiao Tian, Denis Firsanov, Zhihui Zhang, ..., Vadim N. Gladyshev, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova

Correspondence

该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.S.), 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (V.G.)

In Brief

A comparative analysis of 18 rodent species identifies a role for SIRT6-dependent DNA double strand break repair as a major factor in organismal lifespan

Xiao Tian,1 Denis Firsanov,1 Zhihui Zhang,1 Yang Cheng,2 Lingfeng Luo,1 Gregory Tombline,1 Ruiyue Tan,1 Matthew Simon,1 Steven Henderson,1 Janine Steffan,1 Audrey Goldfarb,1 Jonathan Tam,1 Kitty Zheng,1 Adam Cornwell,1 Adam Johnson,1 Jiang-Nan Yang,3 Zhiyong Mao,4 Bruno Manta,5 Weiwei Dang,6 Zhengdong Zhang,7 Jan Vijg,7 Aaron Wolfe,8 Kelsey Moody,8 Brian K. Kennedy,9,10 Dirk Bohmann,2 Vadim N. Gladyshev,5 Andrei Seluanov,1,* and Vera Gorbunova1,11,*

1 Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA

2 Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA

3 Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11, Jena D-07745, Germany

4 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

5 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

6 Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA

7 Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

8 Ichor Therapeutics, 2521 US-11, Lafayette, NY 13084, USA

9 Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, National University Singapore, Singapore

10 Centre for Healthy Aging, National University Health System, Singapore

11 Lead Contact

*Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (A.S.), 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。 (V.G.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.043

Comprehensive Profiling of an Aging Immune System Reveals Clonal GZMK+ CD8+ T Cells as Conserved Hallmark of Inflammaging

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

● scRNA/CITE-seq and scATAC-seq reveal hallmarks of immune aging in mice and humans

● Clonal exhausted-like GZMK+ CD8+ T cells accumulate in tissues due to old environment

● GZMK secreted by activated GZMK+ CD8+ T cells can promote SASP from senescent cells

● GZMK+ CD8+ Taa rather than GZMB+ CD8+ Tem accumulate in human blood with age

Authors

      Denis A. Mogilenko, Oleg Shpynov, Prabhakar Sairam Andhey, ..., Sheila A. Stewart, Marco Colonna, Maxim N. Artyomov

Correspondence

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In Brief

      Aging affects the immune system and establishes a chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging). Mogilenko et al. defined organ-specific and common alterations of immune cell populations in aging and identified a distinct subset of clonal GZMK+ CD8+ T cells as a conserved cellular hallmark of inflammaging in mice and humans.

Denis A. Mogilenko,1 Oleg Shpynov,1,2,6 Prabhakar Sairam Andhey,1,6 Laura Arthur,1 Amanda Swain,1 Ekaterina Esaulova,1 Simone Brioschi,1 Irina Shchukina,1 Martina Kerndl,1,3 Monika Bambouskova,1 Zhangting Yao,4 Anwesha Laha,1 Konstantin Zaitsev,5 Samantha Burdess,1 Susan Gillfilan,1 Sheila A. Stewart,4 Marco Colonna,1 and Maxim N. Artyomov1,7, *

1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA

2 JetBrains Research, Saint Petersburg 197374, Russia

3 Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna 1090, Austria

4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA

5 Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia

6 These authors contributed equally

7 Lead Contact

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.005

SUMMARY

      Systematic understanding of immune aging on a whole-body scale is currently lacking. We characterized age-associated alterations in immune cells across multiple mouse organs using single-cell RNA and antigen receptor sequencing and flow cytometry-based validation. We defined organ-specific and common immune alterations and identified a subpopulation of age-associated granzyme K (GZMK)-expressing CD8+ T (Taa) cells that are distinct from T effector memory (Tem) cells. Taa cells were highly clonal, had specific epigenetic and transcriptional signatures, developed in response to an aged host environment, and expressed markers of exhaustion and tissue homing. Activated Taa cells were the primary source of GZMK, which enhanced in-flammatory functions of non-immune cells. In humans, proportions of the circulating GZMK+ CD8+ T cell population that shares transcriptional and epigenetic signatures with mouse Taa cells increased during healthy aging. These results identify GZMK+ Taa cells as a potential target to address age-associated dysfunctions of the immune system.