Maria Ida Maiorino1,2 · Carlo Gesualdo3,4 · Silvia Angelino5 · Settimio Rossi3 · Nicole Di Martino2 · Clemente Iodice3,5 · Miriam Longo1,4 · Lorenzo Scappaticcio1,2 · Giuseppe Bellastella1,2 · Francesca Simonelli3 · Katherine Esposito1,2,5
Received: 4 January 2026 / Accepted: 6 May 2026 © The Author(s) 2026
Abstract
Aims To investigate the independent association between long-term glycemic variability, measured as the coefficient of variation (CV) of HbA1c, and the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a cohort of adults with diabetes within a system-atic eye screening program.
Methods This study screened 379 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Long-term glycemic variability was calculated as the CV of serial HbA1c measurements. DR was assessed via dilated fundus photography. The association between HbA1c CV and DR was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for confounders.
Results DR incidence of 12.4%, mostly mild non-proliferative. The median HbA1c CV was 7.0% (53 mmol/mol). In unad-justed bivariate analysis, the incidence of mild DR was higher in the low- glycemic variability group (CV<5%) compared to the high- glycemic variability group. However, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HbA1c CV was independently associated with the presence of DR (β=0.643, P=0.042), alongside diabetes duration (P<0.001) and age (P<0.001).
Conclusions In conclusion, in a cohort of individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and a low incidence of DR, long-term glycemic variability, estimated as HbA1c CV, was independently associated with an increased risk of this complication.
Keywords Diabetic retinopathy · Glucose variability · Type 1 diabetes · Type 2 diabetes · Retinopathy screening · HbA1c coefficient of variation
中国整形美容协会面部年轻化分会 中国整形美容协会抗衰老分会
中国整形美容协会医美线技术分会
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【摘要】 随着年龄的增长,中面部深层脂肪逐渐萎缩,浅层脂肪逐渐移位,眶区、上颌骨逐渐老化,中面部是面部老化最早出现的部位之一,也是实现年轻化外观的重要部位。由中国整形美容协会面部年轻化分会、抗衰老分会、医美线技术分会组织部分专家对中国人群中面部年轻化治疗的诸多问题进行了研讨,并形成共识。主要内容包括,中国人群中面部定义、中面部老化特征及评估方法、常见治疗方式(微创注射技术、光电技术、美塑疗法、埋线技术、脂肪填充、手术治疗)等,并针对中面部不同老化特点采用的联合治疗方案进行了推荐。
【关键词】 中面部; 年轻化; 治疗; 专家共识; 中国 DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0290.2020.01.001
中面部是面部老化最早出现的部位之一,是实现年轻化外观的重要部位。近年来,随着大众审美需求的提高,中国美容就医者对中面部年轻化的诉求增多,亟须规范中面部年轻化治疗。为此,由中国整形美容协会面部年轻化分会、抗衰老分会、医美线技术分会组织部分专家,参考中面部年轻化文章,结合现状和专家的经验,制定针对中国人中面部年轻化治疗的专家共识。希望通过共识为优化中国人中面部年轻化治疗提供指导意见,以期推进中面部年轻化治疗的规范管理。
Authors
Ryan H. Fitzgerald
Michael L. Sabolinski
Aliye Okgün Alcan
Meryem Yavuz van Giersbergen
Daniela Tinti Moreira Borges
Leila Blanes
Rebecca Bryan
Janice M. Beitz
Gözde Turkmenoglu
Ayise Karadag
Ruud J.G. Halfens
Jeen R.E. Haalboom
伤口世界平台生态圈，以“关爱人间所有伤口患者”为愿景，连接、整合和拓展线上和线下的管理慢性伤口的资源，倡导远程、就近和居家管理慢性伤口，解决伤口专家的碎片化时间的价值创造、诊疗经验的裂变复制、和患者的就近、居家和低成本管理慢性伤口的问题。
2019广东省医疗行业协会伤口管理分会年会
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