Jose M. Moran 1,* , Laura Trigo-Navarro 2 , Esther Diestre-Morcillo 3 , Elena Pastor-Ramon 4 and Luis M. Puerto-Parejo 5

1 Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10001 Caceres, Spain

2 Área de Salud de Badajoz, Supervisora del Bloque Quirúrgico, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Calle Violeta 3, 06010 Badajoz, Spain; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

3 Área de Salud de Badajoz, Banco de Sangre, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Av. de Elvas, s/n, 06080 Badajoz, Spain

4 Biblioteca Virtual de ciencias de la Salud de las Illes Balears (Bibliosalut), Ctra. De Valldemossa, 79,  mòdul L+1, 07120 Palma, Spain; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

5 Gerencia del Área de Salud de Badajoz, Supervisor del Área de Investigación, Proyectos y Gestión, Av. de Huelva, 8, 06005 Badajoz, Spain; 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

* Correspondence: 该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。

Academic Editor: Yi-Chia Huang

Received: 22 January 2025

Revised: 6 February 2025

Accepted: 8 February 2025

Published: 11 February 2025

Citation: Moran, J.M.; Trigo-Navarro, L.; Diestre-Morcillo, E.; Pastor-Ramon, E.; Puerto-Parejo, L.M. Nutritional Interventions for Pressure Ulcer Prevention in Hip Fracture Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2025, 17, 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu17040644

Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract: Background/Objective: Pressure ulcers represent a significant complication in patients with reduced mobility, such as those recovering from hip fractures. In the present study, we aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of oral nutritional interventions on the development of pressure ulcers in hip fracture patients via a systematic review and meta analysis of controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements compared with standard care. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA standards, this systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies evaluated the effectiveness of any type of oral nutritional supplements compared with standard care in hip fracture patients. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane ROB2 tool for randomized controlled trials and the ROBINS-1 tool for nonrandomized trials. Results: Fourteen studies (10 randomized controlled trials and 4 controlled trials) published since 1990 (n = 1648) were included. Oral nutritional supplementation was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the odds ratio of developing pressure ulcers in hip fracture patients (OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40–0.73, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence and evolution of pressure ulcers can be improved by oral dietary supplementation in patients who have undergone hip fracture surgery. Accordingly, we propose that oral nutritional supplementation should be considered an essential component of comprehensive post-hip-fracture care.

Keywords: hip fracture; pressure ulcers; oral nutritional supplement; pressure sores; meta-analysis; wound healing; nutritional intervention